Prostate cancer research papers

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SeSA-HCPT: A dual-targeting agent that induces DNA damage and inhibits repair for castration-resistant prostate cancer therapy. reports: Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) remains difficult to treat due to tumor heterogeneity and resistance. We developed SeSA-HCPT, a dual-targeting compound that links the topoisomerase I inhibitor hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT) with a selenium analog of the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid. SeSA-HCPT showed markedly higher cytotoxicity in prostate cancer (PCa) cells than single or combined treatments, while sparing normal keratinocytes.

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Evaluating the Cost of Genomic Testing for Biomarker-Driven Therapies in Oncology. reports: Genomic profiling is used in the diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of malignancies. Comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) is a next-generation sequencing (NGS) approach that can test multiple genes simultaneously, potentially saving time, money, and sample material. Costs associated with genomic profiling could be a prohibitive barrier to the widespread implementation of genomic testing in routine clinical practice.

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Characteristics and outcomes of men presenting with complications of metastatic prostate cancer. reports: To describe the incidence, characteristics and mortality of men who present with complications of metastatic prostate cancer, a previously under-reported population. We investigate men who present with and without malignant ureteric obstruction (MUO) and skeletal-related events (SREs), collectively termed 'metastatic-related events' (MREs). We used the English Cancer Registry linked to hospital administrative data to identify men diagnosed with metastatic prostate cancer between January 2015 and December 2022.

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Diet, nutrition, and hormone therapy for prostate cancer: a systematic review with implications for future interventions. reports: Given excellent prostate cancer outcomes, comorbidity management is critical to survivorship. While hormone therapy or androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is a mainstay of treatment, they can negatively impact quality of life and survivorship through cardiovascular, sexual, and metabolic effects. ADT-induced metabolic syndrome causes impaired glucose tolerance, muscle mass loss, and weight gain.

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Distinct prognostic value of [ 18 F]FDG PET and [ 68 Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET in advanced hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. reports: This study aimed to evaluate the distinct prognostic value of [ 18 F]FDG and [ 68 Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET imaging in advanced hormone-sensitive prostate cancer, highlighting their complementary roles at both patient and lesion levels. This study retrospectively included 298 patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer who underwent baseline dual-tracer PET imaging. Quantitative PET parameters for both [ 18 F]FDG and [ 68 Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 were extracted.

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Dysregulation of estrogen signaling and HSD17B7 in the prostate stroma of African American men. reports: African American men experience a higher incidence and severity of prostate cancer relative to European American men, and there is a range of risk factors that may contribute to this disparity. Prostate adenocarcinoma originates from the epithelium, which is significantly influenced by signaling from the surrounding fibromuscular stroma. To identify ancestry-associated differences in the stroma, gene expression profiling was compared between laser-capture microdissected prostate cancer stroma from patients of African descent and those of European descent.

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The FOSB-IGFBP5-IGF-1 axis: a novel regulatory pathway that suppresses prostate cancer growth. reports: While the functions of activator protein-1 (AP-1) family transcription factors in prostate cancer (PCa) have been well researched, the specific role and mechanisms of FOSB in PCa progression are poorly understood. Here, we aimed to elucidate the precise role of FOSB in PCa and its underlying molecular mechanisms. A comprehensive investigation involving bioinformatics analysis of the TCGA and GEO datasets, validation in clinical PCa samples and cell lines, functional studies in vitro and in vivo, and RNA sequencing coupled with targeted validation (dual-luciferase reporter assays, ChIP‒qPCR, RT‒qPCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry) was performed.

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Developing an automatic decision-assistance tool to choose proton/photon radiotherapy for patients with prostate cancer. reports: It is important to guide staff in choosing appropriately between photon and proton radiotherapy. This study develops an automatic decision method to select the most clinically beneficial radiotherapy technique (proton or photon) for patients with prostate cancer. An automatic decision method was developed to help staff in choosing appropriately between photon and proton radiotherapy for patients with prostate cancer.

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From Natural Limonoids to a Rationally Designed Derivative: Facilitating the Study of Anti-Adenocarcinoma Potential and Mechanisms Through Solubility Enhancement. reports: Natural limonoids, exemplified by limonin from lemon seeds, exhibit promising antitumor activity but are hindered by poor aqueous solubility, which critically limits their bioavailability and cellular engagement. To address this, a rational structure-based design was employed, focusing on the under-explored C-7 position. Methoxyamination of limonin yielded a novel derivative, limonin-7-methoxime.

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Real-World Comparative Study of Apalutamide Versus Bicalutamide in Combination With Androgen Deprivation Therapy for Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer. reports: To evaluate the real-world effectiveness and safety of apalutamide versus bicalutamide in combination with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) in Japanese clinical practice. This multicenter retrospective study analyzed 477 patients with mHSPC who received either apalutamide (n = 102) or bicalutamide (n = 375) in combination with ADT across 19 Japanese institutions. The primary outcome was time to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).

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National Patterns of Biomarker Testing in Colorectal, Lung, and Prostate Cancers: Insights From the NIH All of Us Research Program. reports: Biomarker testing is central to precision oncology, yet real-world implementation across cancer types and populations remains inconsistent. Social determinants of health (SDoH) may influence testing uptake and exacerbate disparities in access to targeted therapies. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using Version 7 of the NIH All of Us Research Program Curated Data Repository.

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Predictive value of peripheral blood immune markers for castration-resistant prostate cancer development after endocrine therapy. reports: To evaluate the predictive value of peripheral blood immune markers for progression to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) in prostate cancer (PCa) patients undergoing endocrine therapy. This retrospective study included 106 PCa patients treated with endocrine therapy between 2021 and 2024. Peripheral blood immune parameters were compared between patients who did and did not experience progression to CRPC (progression and stable groups, respectively).

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Extra-cellular matrix remodeling as a unique mechanism of expansion of periprostatic adipose tissue: a potential driver of prostate cancer aggressiveness reports: One of the most striking features of the adipose depot surrounding the prostate (periprostatic adipose tissue, PPAT) is that its accumulation is independent of body mass index. Its volume varies considerably between individual with some patients exhibiting abundant PPATs that have been correlated to occurrence of aggressive prostate cancer (PCa). However, abundant PPAT are not defined at biological levels. This is a preprint and not peer reviewed.

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Clofazimine treatment modulates key non-coding RNAs associated with tumor progression and drug resistance in lethal Prostate Cancer reports: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second-leading cause of cancer death among men in the United States, representing 24.3% of all new cancer cases in the US. Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is a clinically advanced form of PCa that is associated with increased aggressiveness, cancer stemness, morbidity, and the risk of developing resistance to taxanes, currently the first-line chemotherapeutic agents for mCRPC.Development of new target-directed drugs to treat mCRPC poses significant challenges, given the recognition that monospecific inhibitors have limited efficacy. Hence, there is an urgent medical need to develop new strategies that block major oncogenic signaling pathways driving the most lethal forms of PCa. This is a preprint and not peer reviewed.

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Performance of an artificial intelligence foundation model for prostate radiotherapy segmentation reports: ImportanceArtificial intelligence (AI) foundation models such as Segment Anything Model 2 (SAM 2) offer potential for semi-automated image segmentation with minimal fine-tuning, but their performance in specialized clinical tasks like radiation therapy planning are not well characterized. ObjectiveTo evaluate the performance of SAM 2 in segmenting pre-operative intact prostate and post-operative prostate fossa targets for prostate radiotherapy planning. Design, Setting, ParticipantsRetrospective cohort study deploying and testing a foundation model for AI segmentation for prostate radiotherapy planning. This is a preprint and not peer reviewed.

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SCellBOW: AI-Driven Tumor Risk Stratification from Single-Cell Transcriptomics Using Phenotype Algebra reports: Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) coupled with robust computational analysis facilitates the characterization of phenotypic heterogeneity within tumors. Current scRNA-seq analysis pipelines are capable of identifying a myriad of malignant and non-malignant cell subtypes from single-cell profiling of tumors. However, given the extent of intra-tumoral heterogeneity, it is challenging to assess the risk associated with individual cell subpopulations, primarily due to the complexity of the cancer phenotype space and the lack of clinical annotations associated with tumor scRNA-seq studies. This is a preprint and not peer reviewed.

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