Cancer research papers

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Health and productivity benefits of anti-PD-(L)1 agents for early-stage cancer treatment in Hungary. reports: Anti-PD-(L)1 agents, inhibitors of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) or its ligand (PD-L1), are established therapies that improve cancer management as well as the disease and societal burden of specific metastatic and early-stage cancers. The aim of the study was to determine the impact of adopting anti-PD-(L)1 agents for the treatment of all eligible patients with early-stage cancers versus reserving anti-PD-(L)1 agents for patients with metastatic disease alone in Hungary. This study evaluated two scenarios, one where anti-PD-(L)1 agents were used to treat all eligible early-stage disease case s (ESD scenario) of melanoma (stage IIB-C and III), renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) versus a reference scenario where anti-PD-(L)1 agents were only used to treat metastatic disease cases in Hungary (2024-2033).

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Insurance, race, and socioeconomic disparities in systemic therapy receipt for melanoma in the United States: a systematic review. reports: Although evidence suggests disparities in melanoma treatment, no comprehensive summary exists on whether insurance type, race/ethnicity, or socioeconomic status consistently influence systemic therapy receipt. Understanding these associations may inform strategies to reduce inequities. We conducted a systematic review of United States (US) based studies assessing systemic therapy receipt by insurance, socioeconomic status, and race/ethnicity.

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Gemini surfactant-stabilized cubosomes for enhanced topical delivery of 5-fluorouracil in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. reports: Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a prevalent non-melanoma skin cancer. Topical chemotherapy offers a non-invasive alternative to surgical treatments, yet the therapeutic efficacy of conventional agents like 5-fluorouracil is hindered by poor skin permeability and systemic side effects. In this study, we developed a gemini-surfactant-stabilized cubosomal gel (OF12-GEL) for enhanced topical delivery of 5-fluorouracil.

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Clinical and treatment-related predictors of complete response after total neoadjuvant therapy for rectal cancer in a large multicenter analysis. reports: Complete response (CR) after total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) in rectal cancer is linked to favorable local control and enables non-operative management (NOM). Achieving high CR rates is crucial. As no standard TNT protocol exists, we aimed to assess the impact of clinical factors and different protocols on CR rates.

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EEF1AKMT4-eEF1A2 synergistically facilitates the progression of GBC by promoting ribosomal protein output. reports: Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is prone to lymph node metastasis. Lymph node (LN) metastasis is correlated with abysmal patient prognosis, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. In this study, transcriptome sequencing of 6 paired GBC tumors and metastatic LNs was performed and identified eEF1A2 as key genes associated with GBC LN metastasis.

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In vivo multiplexed modeling reveals diverse roles of the TBX2 subfamily and Egr1 in Kr as -driven lung adenocarcinoma. reports: The TBX2 subfamily of T-box transcription factors ( e.g. , Tbx2 , Tbx3 , Tbx4 , Tbx5 ) plays an essential role in lung development. Down-regulation of these genes in human lung adenocarcinoma suggests that these genes may be tumor-suppressive; however, because down-regulation appears to occur primarily via epigenetic change, it remains unclear if these changes causally drive tumor progression or are merely the consequence of upstream events.

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MR-guided stereotactic radiosurgery of an intracardiac tumoral thrombus using comprehensive motion management. reports: Lung cancer is often complicated by hypercoagulability, with intracardiac thrombi not an uncommon consequence. While radiotherapy can be a treatment option, effective intracardiac irradiation can be technically challenging. We present the case of a 54-year-old non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patient treated for a recurrent left atrial tumoral thrombus.

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Timing, fractionation, and dose of thoracic radiotherapy in patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer undergoing first-line Chemo-Immunotherapy. reports: This study investigates the optimal timing, fractionation, and dose of thoracic radiotherapy (RT) in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) patients responsive to first-line Chemo-Immunotherapy (CIT), and evaluates efficacy and safety. In this multicenter retrospective analysis, 280 ES-SCLC patients receiving both CIT and TRT between January 2020 and July 2024 were included. Patients were stratified by TRT timing into Concurrent Chemo-Immuno-Radiotherapy (CCIRT, during CIT) or Sequential CIRT (SCIRT, after CIT) groups.

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A case of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the larynx: Diagnostic challenges, surgical management, and long-term surveillance. reports: Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the larynx is an uncommon malignant neoplasm, accounting for less than 1% of all laryngeal cancers. It arises from minor salivary glands, predominantly located in the subglottic region. ACC is characterized by slow but aggressive growth, with a notable propensity for perineural invasion and distant hematogenous dissemination, particularly to the lungs, which occurs in approximately 35%-50% of cases.

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A rare renal neoplasm: Case report of mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma. reports: Mucinous tubular and spindle cell renal cell carcinoma (MTSRCC) is a rare subtype of renal cell carcinoma with distinctive histological features and generally favorable prognosis. We report the case of a 52-year-old woman who presented with right lumbar pain. CT and MRI revealed a well-defined solid renal mass with mild, homogeneous enhancement.

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Abdominal Wall Abscess after Prophylactic Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy Placement in a Patient Undergoing Chemoradiotherapy for Laryngeal Cancer. reports: Prophylactic percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) placement for nutritional management prior to chemoradiotherapy is a common procedure in patients with head and neck cancer, for which serious complications are rare. Herein, we present a case of abdominal wall abscess that developed 12 days following prophylactic PEG placement in a patient with laryngeal cancer. This rare complication was initially difficult to diagnose due to subtle abdominal symptoms.

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Digital spatial profiling of α-PD-1 treated breast cancer bone metastases reveals region-specific signaling and enrichment of immune-suppressive markers. reports: Bone is the most common and preferential site for breast cancer metastasis. Upon dissemination to the bone, breast cancer cells engraft into multiple niches, but it is unclear whether there are region-specific differences that may drive breast cancer progression in bone. We used a proteomic digital spatial profiling (DSP) approach to investigate which proliferation, cell death, and immune-related markers and pathways are enriched in immune and cancer cells residing 1) in the bone marrow or 2) along the endosteal surface, in an E0771, α-PD-1 treated pre-clinical model of breast cancer bone metastasis.

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Evaluating posterior column osteotomy in single-level transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion: A retrospective study. reports: Retrospective cohort study.ObjectivesTo evaluate the impact of combining posterior column osteotomy (PCO) with single-level transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) on postoperative complications and long-term outcomes. Patients undergoing single-level TLIF (CPT-22633) from 2010 to 2019 were identified. Exclusion criteria included malignancy, trauma, infection, or age <18.

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Living bacterial reactor potently activates tumor immunogenic ferroptosis via cysteine depletion and photothermal therapy. reports: Bacterial combination therapy offers immense promise for treating aggressive "cold" solid tumors, such as triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, the clinical translatability of traditional genetic engineering is often hampered by operational complexity and genetic instability. Here, we developed A-SPB-a non-genetically engineered, multi-functional living bioreactor based on Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 (SO), surface-modified with Prussian blue (PB) nanoparticles and attenuated via deoxycholic acid (DA) treatment.

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Questionable indication for postoperative radiotherapy after surgery for metastases of the major long bones: A single-centre cohort study of 552 fractures/526 patients. reports: The use of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) as an adjunct to orthopaedic surgery of the long bones is widely recommended. Evidence of the benefits is however sparse. The primary research question of this study was whether PORT reduces the incidence of local failure after orthopaedic surgery for metastatic disease of the long bones.

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Ultrasound-triggered carrier-free nanoprodrugs activate cGAS-STING pathway to enhance tumor-targeting chemo-immunotherapy. reports: Chemotherapy-induced cell apoptosis results in nuclear damage and the subsequent release of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) fragments, which can stimulate the cGAS-STING pathway to initiate antitumor immune responses. However, this pathway may be less effective due to nonspecific systemic toxicity caused by chemotherapeutic agents and inefficient dsDNA accumulation. This study aimed to develop an ultrasound (US)-triggered carrier-free nanoprodrug PBSN38-curcumin (PBSN38-CUR), incorporating the sonosensitizer curcumin (CUR) and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive prodrug pinacol boronic ester-conjugated 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (PBSN38).

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Astragalus membranaceus sprouts and their unique constituents regulate reactive oxygen species production, inflammation-related senescence-associated secretory phenotype components, and extracellular matrix in fibroblasts. reports: Aging involves a gradual decline in physiological functions and increased susceptibility to damage and disease. Suppressing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and inflammatory responses is critical for delaying age-related cellular decline. Astragalus membranaceus is one of the important health functional foods worldwide due to its health benefits, including antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties.

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Bioprospecting of the Amazonian mapati fruit (Pourouma cecropiifolia Martius): Antiproliferative and antimalarial potential of peel and seed hydroethanolic extracts. reports: Mapati (Pourouma cecropiifolia Martius) is a tropical fruit endemic to the Amazon rainforest and a source of phenolic compounds, the antimalarial and antiproliferative properties of which remain untapped. Herein, we provide insights into the composition and biological potential of mapati extracts. Hydroethanolic extracts of mapati peel and seed were subjected to UPLC-QToF/MS and HPLC-DAD, which revealed a rich polyphenols profile, including chlorogenic acid and its isomers, quercetin, and glycosylated derivatives.

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Managing aflatoxin risk in the peanut supply chain using quantitative metrics. reports: The Food Safety Objective (FSO) is a concept that specifies the maximum level of hazard that can be tolerated in a food at the time of consumption, guaranteeing an appropriate level of protection for consumer health. It is a tool that provides risk management throughout the food production chain from the field to the consumer. The application of this concept to mycotoxins was performed for the first time for aflatoxins in peanuts, but in a conceptual and theoretical way, without applying quantitative metrics.

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Philippine marine macroalgae as sources of bioactive natural products and macronutrients for food applications. reports: The coastal waters of the Philippine archipelago harbor a remarkable diversity of macroalgae (seaweeds), representing a valuable yet underexplored resource for food, medicine, and biotechnological applications. Several species are traditionally consumed as fresh salads in the Philippines, offering dietary benefits such as essential minerals, macronutrients, and antioxidants. At the same time, some macroalgae produce bioactive natural products that may serve as pharmaceutical leads, though in certain cases, these compounds could pose toxicological risks to consumers.

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Trends of pretreatment methods for acrylamide and related substances in food. reports: Acrylamide related substances (AAs), including N-methylacrylamide and N-hydroxymethylacrylamide, are highly polar, low-molecular-weight organic compounds that have raised significant food safety concerns due to their prevalence in thermally processed foods. AAs exhibit potential neurotoxicity and AA itself also demonstrates reproductive toxicity and possible carcinogenic effects. The International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified AA as a Group 2&#xa0;A probable human carcinogen, underscoring the health risks associated with long-term dietary exposure to AAs.

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Adherence to perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis in cancer surgeries: A single-center retrospective study from Oman. reports: Surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis (SAP) is essential for preventing surgical site infections (SSIs), particularly in oncology patients. However, adherence to SAP guidelines globally remains inconsistent. This study evaluated adherence to SAP protocols at a tertiary oncology center and assessed associated factors with non-adherence and SSI outcomes.

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Co-administered internalizing RGD peptide boosts anti-PD-L1 therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma. reports: Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has significantly improved the treatment of solid tumors such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, most patients fail to respond. Here, we examined whether co-administration of the tumor-penetrating internalizing (i)RGD peptide, which selectively increases tumor vascular permeability in a neuropilin-1-dependent manner, enhances intratumoral delivery and therapeutic efficacy of &#x3b1;PD-L1 in mouse models of HCC. &#x3b1;PD-L1, with or without iRGD, was administered intravenously to mice bearing endogenous HCCs (TGF&#x3b1;/c-myc and diethylnitrosamine [DEN]/carbon tetrachloride [CCl 4 ] models).

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Conducting clinical trials in supportive and palliative oncology: challenges and opportunities. reports: High-quality research is essential to enhance the delivery and outcomes of supportive care for patients with cancer. In this review, we discuss key challenges and potential solutions for conducting supportive care clinical trials in oncology. Structural barriers to supportive care research include limited infrastructure and investigators, insufficient funding, a paucity of foundational research, and a lack of standardized terminologies.

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Detection of a Rare Intra-ALK Inversion and ALK Rearrangement in a Lung Adenocarcinoma Patient by FoundationOne Liquid CDx and Successful Treatment with Alectinib: Case Report. reports: A 50-year-old woman with stage IVB lung adenocarcinoma tested negative for driver mutations using the Oncomine Dx Target Test Multi-CDx system (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA). After undergoing chemotherapy and immunotherapy, FoundationOne Liquid CDx (Foundation Medicine, Inc., Cambridge, MA) identified a rare EML4 - ALK gene rearrangement. Treatment with alectinib led to rapid clinical improvement and sustained disease control for more than 7 months.

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Direct detection of rare circulating tumor cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells by scRNA seq: Spike-in strategy based feasibility study. reports: Circulating tumor cells (CTC) provide a minimally invasive window into metastatic disease but are difficult to detect and estimate due to their rarity and heterogeneity. Conventional enrichment-based approaches introduce selection bias and fail to capture diverse CTC populations. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA seq) enables unbiased transcriptomic profiling of diverse cell types and rare population within complex samples like blood.

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Discrepancies between Fundus Photography and Multimodal Imaging in Mapping of Choroidal Tumor Borders. reports: Accurate choroidal tumor border mapping is required for their management. We compared border mapping accuracy between unimodal assessment (color fundus photography [CFP] or scanning laser ophthalmoscopy [SLO]) against a multimodal assessment (CFP, SLO, and OCT) and identified tumor characteristics that affect performance. A cross-sectional diagnostic accuracy study.

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DoBSeqWF: a framework for sensitive detection of individual genetic variation in pooled sequencing data. reports: Population screening for rare genetic diseases has the potential to increase early diagnosis and treatment, but the high cost of next-generation sequencing limits widespread implementation. Double-batched sequencing (DoBSeq) is a cost-effective method that uses two-dimensional overlapping pool sequencing to enable individual-level rare variant detection. However, the resulting high-depth, complex data require a specialized workflow for efficient, sensitive, and reproducible analysis.

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Early Recognition of Immune-Related Hepatitis During Avelumab Maintenance Therapy for Urothelial Carcinoma. reports: Avelumab is recommended as maintenance therapy for advanced urothelial carcinoma after platinum chemotherapy; however, immune-related adverse events can be severe and refractory. A 79-year-old male developed immune-related hepatitis during avelumab maintenance therapy following gemcitabine plus carboplatin for metastatic recurrent urothelial carcinoma. Despite discontinuation of avelumab and treatment with high-dose corticosteroids, mycophenolate mofetil, and plasma exchange, liver failure progressed, leading to death on day 106.

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Evolving paradigms in the management of basal cell carcinoma. reports: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) remains the most common malignancy worldwide. While the majority of tumors are curable with surgery, a subset of locally advanced or metastatic cases requires systemic therapy. Over the last few years, a surge of translational and clinical advances has reshaped management, from Hedgehog pathway inhibition to immune checkpoint blockade and perioperative integration.

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Global priorities for advancing cancer survivorship. reports: Cancer survivorship is increasingly recognized as an important component of cancer care, yet access to high-quality care remains inconsistent globally. This review highlights priorities for advancing survivorship care worldwide, focusing on equity of access, outcomes for vulnerable populations, multidisciplinary models, technology-enabled interventions, and global collaboration. Survivorship needs differ across tumor streams and cancer sub-populations, especially older adults, adolescent, and people with advanced or metastatic cancers who face unique physical, psychosocial, and other practical challenges.

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Interdisciplinary therapy of extremity soft tissue sarcomas: current evidence on systemic treatments and the role of reconstructive surgery. reports: Soft tissue sarcomas are rare and heterogenous tumors, that often pose diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Guideline-compliant therapy includes surgical resection with negative margins, supplementary radiotherapy and, if necessary, accompanied by systemic therapy. Diagnostic and therapeutic approaches should be discussed and planned in an interdisciplinary oncological conference.

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Noninvasive skin imaging of melanocytic and nonmelanocytic tumours: recent findings. reports: Early diagnosis of skin cancer is essential for patient care. Noninvasive skin imaging devices have become increasingly used for the assessment of melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSC). This article reviews the scientific literature published from March 2024 up to October 2025 and highlights the latest findings.

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Orthoplastic surgery for interdisciplinary extremity reconstruction. reports: Combined bone and soft tissue injuries and defects pose a challenge for the interdisciplinary orthoplastic surgical team. These conditions are not only encountered in young, healthy patients, but, due to various causes ranging from trauma over chronic osteomyelitis to tumor resection, also in patients with pre-existing vascular disease and even many years after the initial trauma. An efficient interdisciplinary treatment approach by orthopedic/trauma surgeons and plastic surgeons, and if necessary, vascular surgeons, who develop a joint strategy as early as possible is crucial for optimal functional restoration of form and function.

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Regional inequalities in mortality from colorectal cancer and its indirect economic impact in Brazil from 2001 to 2030: a human capital approach study. reports: Brazil contributes to 41% of colorectal cancer (CRC) deaths in Latin America. CRC is the second most incident cancer among males and females in Brazil, with wide regional variation. We aimed to estimate the years of potential life lost (YPLL) and the productivity lost due to mortality from CRC by region, between 2001 and 2030.

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Rising trends in obesity and cancer-related mortality in the United States: a population-based analysis, 1999-2020. reports: Obesity is a known risk factor for various cancers. Despite the growing prevalence of obesity in the United States, national-level trends in obesity-associated cancer mortality remain insufficiently quantified. To evaluate national trends in cancer mortality where obesity was listed as a contributing or underlying cause of death from 1999 to 2020.

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Skin cancer screening in solid organ transplant recipients: development of the SUNTRAC tool. reports: To summarize the development, validation, and current clinical use of the Skin and Ultraviolet Neoplasia Risk Assessment Calculator (SUNTRAC) tool. We also discuss key gaps, including the need for greater personalization, incorporation of additional risk factors, and clearer clinical protocols to support its integration into routine care. Skin cancer remains the most frequent malignancy in solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs), driven by long-term immunosuppression and other patient-specific risk factors.

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Supportive care in the world: an international opinion on MASCC's perspectives. reports: Supportive care is no longer a secondary aspect of oncology; it is the foundation that enables people with cancer not only to survive but to live with dignity, comfort, and relief throughout and beyond treatment. In 2025, as cancer survival improves globally, the need to integrate supportive care as a universal standard has become increasingly urgent. This review is timely and relevant as it examines the current global landscape of supportive care and the persisting inequities that threaten its implementation across health systems.

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Understanding financial toxicity in cancer care through a social-ecological lens. reports: Financial toxicity, defined as the material hardship and psychological distress associated with the costs of cancer care, has become a central concern in oncology as treatment complexity and patient cost-sharing increase. This review uses the Social-Ecological Model to conceptualize financial toxicity across multiple levels of influence, shifting focus from individual behaviors to the broader interpersonal, organizational, community, and societal systems that shape financial risk. Financial toxicity arises through interconnected drivers across the Social-Ecological Model.

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A multicenter multimodel habitat radiomics model for predicting immunotherapy response in advanced NSCLC. reports: A robust predictive biomarker is critical for identifying patients with NSCLC who may benefit from immunotherapy. This study developed a CT-based habitat model using 590 advanced NSCLC cases. The model was constructed in contrast-enhanced CT images and validated on an independent cohort with non-contrast CT.

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ACTG1 facilitates proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition-mediated metastasis via COL21A1 in gastric cancer. reports: Gastric cancer (GC) remains a lethal malignancy with limited therapeutic options. We investigated the role of &#x3b3;-actin (ACTG1) in GC progression. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that ACTG1 is upregulated in GC tissues and correlates with poor patient prognosis.

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An AIB1 isoform rewires glucocorticoid receptor signaling to promote TNBC progression. reports: The role of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) signaling in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) progression remains poorly defined. Here, we describe a GR-dependent mechanism driving TNBC invasion, mediated by the presence of a subpopulation of cancer cells that express an N-terminal truncated splice isoform of the nuclear receptor coactivator AIB1. Invasion was driven through direct contact of this subpopulation with neighboring cancer cells, and suppressed by GR antagonists or depletion of GR.

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Biomimetic hydrogel for the construction of patient-derived bladder cancer organoids with aggressive growth. reports: In cancer, the extracellular matrix (ECM) reorganization, notably collagen, forming dense, thickened, and orderly structures, affects tumor traits. Bladder cancer organoids (BCOs) mimic tumor properties for personalized medicine. However, current organoid scaffolds lack tumor-such as collagen, crucial for cell growth and migration.

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Cancer-associated fibroblasts as a critical driver in tumor metastasis: The mechanisms and future perspectives. reports: Tumor metastasis represents a lethal event for patients due to the lack of effective treatments. Compared with primary tumors, the components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) of metastatic tumors are different. Tumor cells alone are unable to metastasize.

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Dasatinib resensitizes BRAF/MEK inhibitor efficacy in patient-derived xenografts from patients with progression on BRAF/MEK inhibitor treatment. reports: Although BRAF/MEK inhibitor (BRAFi/MEKi) therapy initially shows high efficacy in patients with BRAF V600 E/K cutaneous melanoma, resistance develops in over 75% of cases. We tested robustness of the umbrella trial strategy in this population by analyzing relationships between genomic status of a gene and associated downstream consequences at the protein level. The results revealed weak relationships among mutations, copy-number amplification, and protein expression and activation.

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Gut fungal landscape in colorectal cancer and its cross-kingdom interplay with gut microbial ecology. reports: The gut microbiota is a key hallmark of colorectal cancer (CRC), yet gut fungi remain understudied. We characterized the gut fungal landscape and its associations with bacteria, metabolites, and trace elements in CRC using fecal samples from healthy controls ( n = 401), colorectal polyp patients ( n = 162), and CRC patients ( n = 253). Fungal annotation was performed using genomic data from NCBI (PRJNA833221) as reference.

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HHEX-PRKAR2B axis-mediated PKA activation drives glucose metabolism-dependent progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. reports: By virtue of its function as a key metabolic regulator, malignant transformation in the pancreas not only confers high aggressiveness but also disrupts systemic metabolism. However, the causal relationship between metabolic reprogramming and the progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains incompletely understood. This study identifies aberrant protein kinase A (PKA) activation in PDAC, correlating with poor prognosis.

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Integrating thermal liquid biopsy, clinical data, and mass spectrometry for early diagnosis and biomarker discovery in colorectal cancer. reports: Early detection of colorectal cancer is essential to improving survival, where yet current diagnostic tools show limited performance. This study aimed to enhance diagnostic accuracy by integrating clinical variables with thermogram profiles obtained through serum-based thermal liquid biopsy and analyzed using machine learning models. We evaluated 328 patients with colorectal cancer and 355 symptomatic individuals with non-organ-specific cancer signs but negative diagnostic evaluations, to reproduce clinically relevant decision settings.

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KNSTRN knockdown impairs autophagy flux to inhibit bladder cancer progression. reports: Bladder cancer (BLCA) is a common malignant tumor of the urinary system. Kinetochore-localized astrin-binding protein (KNSTRN) has been implicated in the initiation and progression of multiple cancers. Furthermore, abnormal autophagy levels have been shown to significantly impact tumor development.

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Maimendong decoction suppresses non-small cell lung cancer growth by promoting dendritic cell maturation via the SIRT1/p65 acetylation pathway. reports: Maimendong Decoction (MMDD), a classical traditional Chinese medicine, has shown promising clinical efficacy against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), yet its immunological mechanisms remain unclear. Using a Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) mouse model, we found that MMDD markedly suppressed tumor growth, enhanced CD8 + T cell infiltration, and promoted dendritic cell (DC) maturation. Mechanistic analyses revealed that MMDD inhibited SIRT1 expression, increased p65 acetylation, and elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines, indicating the modulation of the SIRT1/acetyl-p65 pathway.

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Proteomic profiling identifies prognostic signature for Krukenberg tumor of gastrointestinal origin. reports: Krukenberg tumor (KT) primarily originates from the stomach and colorectum, but reliable biomarkers for distinguishing KT from other tumors at the same sites and predicting ovarian metastasis remain lacking. Using pressure cycling technology (PCT) and data-independent acquisition (DIA) mass spectrometry, we analyzed 263 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples, identifying 10,837 proteins. The results revealed distinct proteomic signatures from the primary gastrointestinal lesions of KT.

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SeSA-HCPT: A dual-targeting agent that induces DNA damage and inhibits repair for castration-resistant prostate cancer therapy. reports: Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) remains difficult to treat due to tumor heterogeneity and resistance. We developed SeSA-HCPT, a dual-targeting compound that links the topoisomerase I inhibitor hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT) with a selenium analog of the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid. SeSA-HCPT showed markedly higher cytotoxicity in prostate cancer (PCa) cells than single or combined treatments, while sparing normal keratinocytes.

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SNW1 promotes lymphatic metastasis in bladder cancer by modulating SRPK1 splicing. reports: The overall survival of patients with metastatic bladder cancer (BCa) remains poor. There is a lack of effective therapies and reliable biomarkers for metastatic BCa. BCa cells initially disseminate via the pelvic lymph nodes (LN).

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TLR7-mediated inflammation drives PD-L1 upregulation and T cell exhaustion during influenza A virus infection. reports: T cell dysfunction driven by dysregulated programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/PD-ligand (PD-L) immune checkpoint signaling is associated with severe influenza A virus (IAV) infection. While this pathway limits immunopathology, it can suppress antiviral immunity and promote T cell exhaustion. We investigated the role of toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7), a viral RNA sensor, in regulating PD-1/PD-L-mediated T cell responses during IAV infection.

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Advances in Fenton reaction-mediated ferroptosis for enhanced cancer therapy: mechanisms, amplification strategies, and synergistic approaches. reports: Ferroptosis, a regulated form of cell death driven by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, has emerged as a promising strategy for cancer therapy. The core of this process is the Fenton reaction, in which ferrous ions (Fe 2+ ) catalyze hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) into hydroxyl radicals (&#x2d9;OH), triggering oxidative damage that preferentially destroys tumor cells with iron metabolism and redox dysregulation. Recent advances have transformed Fenton chemistry from a classical redox reaction into a precision therapeutic engine for amplifying ferroptosis in situ .

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Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Suffering Pictogram for Brazilian cancer patients. reports: Assessing the multidimensional nature of suffering in palliative care is challenging. The Suffering Pictogram (SP) is a visual instrument developed to facilitate the communication and measurement of this experience in clinical practice. To translate, cross-culturally adapt, and validate the SP into Brazilian Portuguese (SP-BR) for cancer patients.

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Evaluating the Cost of Genomic Testing for Biomarker-Driven Therapies in Oncology. reports: Genomic profiling is used in the diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of malignancies. Comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) is a next-generation sequencing (NGS) approach that can test multiple genes simultaneously, potentially saving time, money, and sample material. Costs associated with genomic profiling could be a prohibitive barrier to the widespread implementation of genomic testing in routine clinical practice.

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Heptazine Based Photo-Programmable Azobenzene-Amino Acid Nanotubes for Augmented Drug Delivery and Chemo-Photodynamic Therapy in Glioma. reports: Heptazine or tri-s-triazine, is one of the oldest known nitrogen-containing heterocycles that kindled a new arena in biomedical research in the recent past due to their rich fascinating properties. Here, we report design and development of self-assembled nano biomaterials consisting of heptazine-derived &#x3c0;-conjugated azobenzene for photo-activated glioma therapy. The model anti-cancer drug, Docetaxel is co-assembled with heptazine-derived &#x3c0;-conjugated Azobenzene and Fmoc-Isoleucine-OH to form stable Tubular nanostructures (Dtx@AI-Ts).

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Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for the Treatment of Periorbital Non-Melanoma Skin Cancers. reports: Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) of the periocular region present significant clinical challenges, with basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) being the most prevalent. The purpose of this study is to report on the outcomes of anti-programmed death (PD-1)/PD-L1 immunotherapy in patients with locally advanced periorbital NMSCs. We conducted a retrospective study of the patients treated for locally advanced periocular BCC and cutaneous SCC using anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy from January 2016 to January 2023.

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Immunohistological parathormone production changes and angiogenesis in normal and adenomatous human parathyroid glands. reports: Parathyroid tumor function is not always positively correlated with tumor size, complicating the disease picture. Here, we compared parathormone (PTH) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A expression intensities in normal and adenomatous parathyroid glands, as well as the number of vessels, as determined by CD31 expression. Eight adenomatous and six normal samples were compared for the expression intensities of PTH and VEGF-A, expression granule area of VEGF-A per unit area (/900 &#x3bc;m 2 ), and number of blood vessels.

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Internalizing Patient-Centered Communication: Pathways to Telehealth Efficacy in Cancer Care. reports: As telehealth becomes increasingly central to cancer care, many patients still report low confidence navigating digital communication with providers. Grounded in self-determination theory, this study investigates how patient-centered communication (PCC) in clinical settings can foster patient activation, thereby enhancing patients' efficacy in using telehealth tools. Using a sample of 495 Chinese cancer patients with telehealth experience, we conducted path analysis to examine how six PCC functions relate to four progressive stages of patient activation (role importance, confidence, action, and endurance), and how these, in turn, predict telehealth efficacy.

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Mucosal Melanoma of Head and Neck: A Rare and Aggressive Disease-A Register-Based Cohort Study. reports: Mucosal melanomas of the head and neck are rare and often diagnosed in the advanced stage. This study examines the incidence, survival and histology of mucosal melanoma compared to its cutaneous counterpart. This register-based cohort study reviews head and neck melanomas at Helsinki University Hospital, Finland, from 2002 to 2023.

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Not All That Produces Pigment Is Melanoma: Direct Epidermotropic Infiltration of Breast Carcinoma in a Woman With Melanin Incontinence Mimicking Pigmentary Disorders. reports: BackgroundLocal spread linked to breast carcinoma demonstrates a diverse spectrum of clinical presentations, including zosteriform, telangiectatic, and erysipeloid lesions. Pigmented epidermotropic infiltration resulting from breast carcinoma is seldom observed, occasionally posing diagnostic challenges owing to its resemblance to various other pigmentary disorders, such as malignant melanoma and other melanocytic lesions.Patient PresentationA 47-year-old woman presented with complaints of a hyperpigmented, crusted lesion involving the nipple-areolar region of the left breast, which on histopathology revealed an invasive tumor involving the dermis, composed of discohesive cells arranged in single files and linear cords, extending directly into the overlying epidermis in a pagetoid pattern with extensive pigment incontinence. On employing a comprehensive panel of special stains and immunohistochemical markers, the presence of classic Paget cells was ruled out, and a final diagnosis of direct epidermotropic infiltration by underlying invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) of the breast was found.ConclusionEpidermotropic spread of ILC with associated pigment incontinence is a rare histopathological pattern that can closely mimic both pigmented mammary Paget disease and melanocytic disorders.

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Oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy after total neoadjuvant therapy for rectal cancer: Dose-response relationship and impact on quality of life. reports: Oxaliplatin-based regimens are increasingly used in total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) for locally advanced rectal cancer, frequently causing dose-limiting chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN), whose extent and impact on health-related quality of life (HrQoL) remain insufficiently characterized. The optimal duration and intensity of chemotherapy within TNT for tumor response and toxicity remain unclear. This retrospective multicenter study (DRKS00033000) assessed the dose-response relationship of CIPN with cumulative oxaliplatin dose (cOXAd) and its impact on HrQoL.

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Rare RET Variants in a Patient With MEN2A and Multiple Follicular-Derived Thyroid Tumors: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. reports: Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) syndromes are a group of rare autosomal dominant hereditary disorders that are classified into 5 distinct types. MEN2A, the most common type of MEN2, is associated with mutations and variants of RET , which are continually being updated. However, studies regarding RET mutations/variants related to MEN2A in the Chinese population are scarce, and patients involving MEN2A along with other differentiated thyroid tumors are rarer.

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Structure-Based Design and Free Energy Perturbation-Guided Synthesis of Novel VEGFR2 and HDAC Dual Inhibitors with Potent Antitumor Efficacy. reports: The development of dual-targeted inhibitors represents a promising strategy to address the challenges of drug resistance and limited efficacy in cancer therapy. This study describes the design, synthesis, and evaluation of novel inhibitors targeting VEGFR2 and HDAC through a structure-based pharmacophore-merging strategy. We integrated the hydroxamic acid zinc-binding group and the linker into the back pocket of VEGFR2.

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Synthesis, characterisation and biological properties of a silver helicate which displays enhanced activity towards methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). reports: Antimicrobial resistance is an ever growing concern and the development of novel treatment methods is urgently required. In this study a novel bis-bidentate ligand strand which forms a dinuclear double helicate in solution with silver cations, [Ag 2 L 2 ] 2+ demonstrated cytotoxicity against a range of cancer cell lines and antimicrobial activity against bacterial pathogens E. coli , P.

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Win statistics (win ratio, win odds, and net benefit): Noncollapsibility and standardization for randomized clinical trials. reports: The win ratio, along with its stratified variant known as the stratified win ratio, has been widely utilized in many disease areas for both design and analysis of clinical trials. It is applied most prominently in cardiovascular diseases, followed by respiratory disease, diabetes, oncology, neurology, and other areas. Additionally, the win odds, which incorporates ties in its calculation, has also garnered attention in both prospective and retrospective analyses, alongside their utilization in study design.

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"I felt so seen": Perspectives on age-appropriate, needs-based survivorship care among young adult survivors of childhood, adolescent, or young adult cancers (CAYA). reports: Survivors of childhood, adolescent, and young adult cancers (CAYA) experience unique survivorship needs that are often unaddressed. We characterized young adult CAYA survivors' perspectives on the acceptability and utility of a novel model for routinely identifying and addressing their needs in survivorship care. Our onco-primary care program implemented routine needs-based care using age-appropriate needs and distress screening at survivorship visits.

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A Case of Pseudomyogenic Hemangioendothelioma Clinically Mimicking Whitlow With Subsequent Cutaneous Metastasis. reports: A 30-year-old male developed bloody nodules on the fingertips that clinically mimicked whitlow. Biopsy revealed a vascular tumor showing a sheet-like proliferation of large spindle cells and polygonal atypical cells with pleomorphic nuclei and abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm, including rhabdoid cells. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated positive staining for CD31, FOSB, AE1/AE3, ERG, INI-1, and BRG, whereas negative staining for CAMTA1, confirming the diagnosis of pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma.

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A nationwide population-based cohort study of hospital academic status and survival following colorectal cancer surgery in Finland 1987-2016. reports: There is a lack of evidence regarding hospital academic status and survival following colorectal cancer surgery and there is a paucity of data from European countries. The aim of this study was to investigate this association between hospital academic status and mortality after colon and rectal cancer surgery. All 49 032 patients who underwent resection for colorectal cancer in years 1987-2016 in Finland were included, with complete follow-up until December 31, 2019.

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A Novel Approach to Ovarian Cancer Diagnosis via CT Imaging: GPT-4o-Driven Automated Feature Recognition and Validation in Clinical Settings. reports: Accurate non-invasive diagnosis of early-stage ovarian cancer remains challenging because of the limited number of biomarkers. Although artificial intelligence algorithms show promise for ovarian cancer diagnosis, their reliance on specialized engineering knowledge hinders their accessibility. The recent emergence of visual large language models such as GPT-4o has further expanded the potential of AI in this domain.

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Antibody-Drug Conjugates in Gynecologic Oncology: Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions. reports: Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have emerged as an efficacious and promising treatment for advanced gynecologic cancers. These agents are an innovative treatment strategy that combines a monoclonal antibody, a linker, and a cytotoxic payload. Currently, three ADCs have received Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for use in gynecologic malignancies: mirvetuximab soravtansine, tisotumab vedotin, and trastuzumab deruxtecan.

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Applying microfluidic technology to interpret the tumor immune microenvironment and cancer immunotherapy. reports: In the past decade, cancer immunotherapy has emerged as a transformative treatment modality for diverse malignancies. Although impressive clinical efficacy has been demonstrated in some cancer patients, most patients respond poorly to immunotherapies. The complicated architecture and cellular composition of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) have substantial roles in the clinical outcomes of immunotherapies.

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Bone health in patients with cancer: a SEOM-SEIOMM consensus review of risk factors, assessment strategies, and management approaches. reports: Anticancer therapies frequently compromise skeletal health and increase fracture risk. This narrative review synthesizes information and provides guidance on assessment, prevention, and management of therapy-related bone loss in adults with cancer. Major contributors to bone loss in this population include aromatase inhibitors, androgen deprivation therapy, systemic glucocorticoids, chemotherapy, and selected targeted or immune agents.

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Building a new arsenal: repurposed drugs and metronomic chemotherapy against medulloblastoma. reports: Medulloblastoma (MB) represents the most prevalent malignant pediatric brain tumor. Although survival has greatly improved, the tumor and its treatments have devastating long-term side effects that negatively impact quality of survival. Consequently, there is a critical need for innovative therapeutic strategies aimed at enhancing patient outcomes and mitigating treatment-related toxicities.

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C-Jun NH2-terminal kinase inhibitor bentamapimod prevents RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis and ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis. reports: Over the past five decades, numerous treatment approaches have been developed to target either the inhibition of bone resorption or the promotion of bone formation. However, therapeutic strategies for osteoporosis still face limitations and safety concerns. Bentamapimod, initially designed for neurological disorders, is a novel JNK inhibitor that has demonstrated anti-tumor and immunomodulatory properties.

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Characteristics and outcomes of men presenting with complications of metastatic prostate cancer. reports: To describe the incidence, characteristics and mortality of men who present with complications of metastatic prostate cancer, a previously under-reported population. We investigate men who present with and without malignant ureteric obstruction (MUO) and skeletal-related events (SREs), collectively termed 'metastatic-related events' (MREs). We used the English Cancer Registry linked to hospital administrative data to identify men diagnosed with metastatic prostate cancer between January 2015 and December 2022.

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Cheilanthenetetraol, a sesterterpenoid isolated from Aleuritopteris bicolor with anti-hepatocellular carcinoma and anti-inflammatory activity. reports: The 1 H-NMR, LC-MS, and HPLC guided isolation of n-hexane and ethyl acetate fractions led to the purification of one new sesterterpene cheilanthenetetraol (1) together with thirteen known compounds (2-14) for the first time from Aleuritopteris bicolor Roxb. The structure of the isolated compounds were established by extensive analysis of spectroscopic data, 1D and 2D NMR, HR-ESI-MS, and IR. The isolated compounds (2, 3, 6, and 9-14), as well as the n-hexane, ethyl acetate fractions, and aqueous methanol extract, were evaluated for cytotoxic activity against the HepG2 cancer cell line.

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Clinical and Pathological Characteristics of Skin Cancer Patients at Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China. reports: The incidence of skin cancer is increasing in China, yet large-scale clinical and pathological data from China remain scarce. A retrospective analysis was conducted of 648 histopathologically confirmed skin cancer cases diagnosed at the Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University from January 2020 to July 2023. Patient demographics, tumour distribution, histological subtypes, and treatment approaches were evaluated.

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Cultural and religious influences on parental knowledge of HPV infection and female vaccination in Egypt: a national cross-sectional study. reports: Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted infections worldwide, significantly contributing to cervical and other cancers. In Egypt, where cultural and religious norms shape health perceptions, HPV prevention, especially vaccination, remains a critical public health issue. This study investigates parental knowledge and attitudes towards HPV infection and vaccination in Egypt, focusing on the influence of cultural and religious beliefs.

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Decoding the Integrated Stress Response of Pancreatic Cancer: Identifying a Serine-dependent Tumor Subset Under Metabolic Relationships With CAFs. reports: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) transcriptomic profiling has identified prognostic subtypes, yet patient-specific first-line therapies remain elusive. Here, we stratified PDA tumors by mRNA translation rates, a frequently dysregulated step in gene expression, using translatome profiling of 27 patient-derived xenografts (PDXs). Unsupervised analysis revealed a distinct tumor subset with low global protein synthesis but sustained translation of Integrated Stress Response (ISR) mRNAs, including ATF4.

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Diet, nutrition, and hormone therapy for prostate cancer: a systematic review with implications for future interventions. reports: Given excellent prostate cancer outcomes, comorbidity management is critical to survivorship. While hormone therapy or androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is a mainstay of treatment, they can negatively impact quality of life and survivorship through cardiovascular, sexual, and metabolic effects. ADT-induced metabolic syndrome causes impaired glucose tolerance, muscle mass loss, and weight gain.

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Distinct prognostic value of [ 18 F]FDG PET and [ 68 Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET in advanced hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. reports: This study aimed to evaluate the distinct prognostic value of [ 18 F]FDG and [ 68 Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET imaging in advanced hormone-sensitive prostate cancer, highlighting their complementary roles at both patient and lesion levels. This study retrospectively included 298 patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer who underwent baseline dual-tracer PET imaging. Quantitative PET parameters for both [ 18 F]FDG and [ 68 Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 were extracted.

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Does Multidisciplinary Clinic Impact Rates of Breast Conserving Therapy? reports: Previous studies have identified factors associated with higher rates of breast conservation therapy (BCT), but the impact of multidisciplinary clinic (MDC) has not been documented. We hypothesized that patients who underwent MDC consultation with both surgical and radiation oncologists would have increased BCT rates compared with patients seeing providers separately. A retrospective chart review was conducted in patients diagnosed with stage 0-III breast cancer in 2023 who were offered BCT.

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Dysregulation of estrogen signaling and HSD17B7 in the prostate stroma of African American men. reports: African American men experience a higher incidence and severity of prostate cancer relative to European American men, and there is a range of risk factors that may contribute to this disparity. Prostate adenocarcinoma originates from the epithelium, which is significantly influenced by signaling from the surrounding fibromuscular stroma. To identify ancestry-associated differences in the stroma, gene expression profiling was compared between laser-capture microdissected prostate cancer stroma from patients of African descent and those of European descent.

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Effect of carbamazepine on the pharmacokinetics of vepdegestrant, a PROteolysis TArgeting Chimera estrogen receptor degrader, in healthy adults. reports: To evaluate the effects of carbamazepine, a strong cytochrome P450 (CYP)3A4 inducer, on the pharmacokinetics and safety of vepdegestrant, a PROteolysis TArgeting Chimera estrogen receptor degrader. This was a phase 1, open-label, fixed-sequence, two-period study in healthy adult participants. During Period 1, a single oral dose of vepdegestrant 200&#x2009;mg was administered (Day 1).

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Exon 7 splicing of ER&#x3b1; predicts poor prognosis and increases phenotypic heterogeneity in luminal a subtype breast cancer. reports: ER&#x3b1;&#x394;7 is one of the most frequently observed splice variants of the ESR1 gene in breast cancer but its functions remain largely unknown. Here we report that ER&#x3b1;&#x394;7 predicted poor survival in luminal A type breast cancer from TCGA data. ER&#x3b1;&#x394;7 occurred more frequently in luminal type breast cancer, with expression inversely correlating with ESR1 expression.

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Expert consensus on the detection and clinical application of tumor mutational burden. reports: As an emerging biomarker, tumor mutational burden (TMB) has attracted increasing attention from clinicians in predicting the efficacy of tumor immunotherapy. Currently, TMB is detected primarily by whole-exome sequencing or targeted panel sequencing on high-throughput sequencing platforms. However, the lack of uniformity in detection methods, threshold settings, and reporting formats, as well as the significant differences in TMB values among different cancer types, have hindered the standardized application of this biomarker in clinical practice.

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GPX4 Inhibitor Resistance and Metastatic Features in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. reports: Leveraging ferroptosis as a cancer therapy has faced challenges due to the limited bioavailability and systemic toxicities of small-molecule ferroptosis modulators. Small molecule inhibitors such as RSL3 and ML210 trigger ferroptosis by targeting glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), a key enzyme that neutralizes lipid peroxides. While many studies have focused on targeting primary tumors, much less is known about the extent to which GPX4-inhibitor resistance may contribute to metastasis.

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Including patient and public contributors on clinical trial Independent Data Monitoring Committees&#xa0;(IDMCs). reports: Patient and public involvement (PPI) is well established in clinical trials and trial oversight groups in the UK. But public contributors are rarely involved in Independent Data Monitoring Committees (IDMCs), meaning there is little or no evidence for how to include the public in these complex meetings or the impact PPI may have. As a Cancer Research UK core-funded clinical trials unit, the Southampton Clinical Trials Unit (SCTU) coordinates numerous phase II and III cancer drug trials with IDMCs.

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KDM6A alternative splicing induced by 25(OH)D inhibits breast cancer cell stemness through repressing TRAP1 transcription. reports: 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), a metabolite of vitamin D, has demonstrated anticancer properties; however, the role of alternative splicing in mediating these effects remains poorly understood. In this study, we reveal for the first time that 25(OH)D exerts antitumor effects by promoting exon 13 skipping of KDM6A (KDM6A &#x394;exon13), which suppresses the proliferation and stemness of breast cancer cells and lacks H3K27 demethylase activity. Mechanistically, CUT&Tag and RNA-seq analyses demonstrated that KDM6A &#x394;exon13 induces the accumulation of H3K27me3 at the promoter region of TRAP1, thereby inhibiting its transcription.

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M-PACT leverages cell-free DNA methylomes to achieve robust classification of pediatric brain tumors. reports: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) liquid biopsies serve as a rich source of tumor-derived cell-free DNA (cfDNA) for evaluating persons with central nervous system (CNS) tumors. However, challenges stemming from trace cfDNA yields and low mutational burden have hindered sensitivity, whereas first-generation clinical assays have relied on genetic alterations as biomarkers. Leveraging the diagnostic utility of DNA methylation classification in CNS tumors, we developed M-PACT (methylation-based predictive algorithm for CNS tumors), a robust deep neural network that accurately classifies tumors from subnanogram-input cfDNA methylomes.

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Machine learning-based cfDNA fragmentation profiling using automated capillary electrophoresis for early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma. reports: Early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a significant clinical challenge due to the limited sensitivity of current surveillance tools, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and ultrasound. Recently, cell-free DNA (cfDNA) fragmentation analysis has shown promise in cancer detection; however, current sequencing-based approaches remain costly and unsuitable for large-scale screening. Here, we introduce a predictive model for early HCC detection called "CEliver" (CfDNA-based automated capillary Electrophoresis method for Liver cancer screening), a model leveraging high-dimensional fragmentation profiling from the intensity distribution of cfDNA fragment lengths using automated capillary electrophoresis.

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MDPNet: a multi-scale difference perception network for esophageal cancer segmentation in CT images. reports: Accurate segmentation of esophageal cancers in CT images is crucial for disease treatment planning but remains difficult due to variable tumor morphology, low contrast with surrounding tissues, and blurred boundaries. We propose MDPNet, a Multi-scale Difference Perception Network for accurate esophageal cancer segmentation in CT images. MDPNet integrates three key modules, a Dynamic Feature Enhancement (DFE) strategy for global and local context fusion, a Cross-level Difference Modeling (CDM) module to highlight foreground-background differences, and a Multi-stage Foreground Enhancement (MFE) mechanism for progressive boundary refinement.

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Metastatic breast cancer presenting with dyspeptic symptoms: a case report. reports: Breast cancer is among the most commonly diagnosed malignancies worldwide. While distant metastases typically involve the bone, lung, liver, and brain, metastasis to the gastrointestinal tract is uncommon and occurs disproportionately in invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC). The clinical presentation is often nonspecific, which can delay diagnosis.

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Moving towards optimized treatment for children and adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis in sustained remission randomized to continue stable treatment, methotrexate withdrawal or tumor necrosis factor inhibitor withdrawal: study protocol for the Norwegian multi-center MOVE-JIA trial. reports: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) used to be a joint-destroying disease, but thanks to modern treatment strategies and medications, many patients with JIA today reach inactive disease. However, once disease remission is achieved, there is a lack of knowledge and recommendations regarding maintenance therapy. Drug-free remission is the ultimate goal in JIA, but withdrawal of medications increases the risk of disease flare.

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Nanoheterojunction-Based Self-Powered Biosensor Integrated with Smartphones for Early Cancer Detection. reports: Early diagnosis of cancer is critical for improving patient survival rates. As biomarkers closely associated with tumorigenesis, microRNAs (miRNAs) remain challenging to detect with sufficient sensitivity, simplicity, and portability. This study presents a self-powered, dual-readout electrothermal biosensing chip that integrates an enzyme-free catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) amplification strategy with hierarchical SnO 2 @MoS 2 hollow spheres for highly sensitive and specific detection of microRNA-126 (miRNA-126).

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Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in unresectable or metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression. reports: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a widely studied variable to investigate the systemic inflammation-related prognostic effect, and in some clinical setting has been able to predict the activity of immunotherapy. Many studies confirmed a negative relationship of pre-treatment high NLR and the outcome of patients with esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC), but poor data are available for patients with unresectable or metastatic ESCC (mESCC). The study aims to perform a trial-level analysis of the relationship of NLR with overall survival (OS) among mESCC patients receiving an upfront systemic treatment.

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Orthologue inference-based enzyme mining for diversification of the anti-cancer evodiamine scaffold. reports: Selective functionalization is central to the structural and functional diversification of pharmacologically important alkaloids, yet the complexity of these scaffolds often hinders chemical modifications. Enzymes such as cytochrome P450 monooxygenases can overcome these challenges by catalyzing stereo- and regioselective transformations at typically inert C-H sites. Here, we present a targeted workflow for mining such enzymes by integrating orthologue-inference bioinformatics to leverage the increasingly available biological data.

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Prevalence of KDM6A deficiency in human cancer: A tissue microarray study on 18,570 cancers from 153 different tumor types. reports: KDM6A is a critical part of the COMPASS-like complex. KDM6A deficiency may result in EZH2 dependency. KDM6A deficiency was analyzed by immunohistochemistry on a tissue microarray containing 14,814 samples from 153 different tumor entities and 76 different normal tissue types.

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Prognostic significance of the pan-immune-inflammatory value (PIV) in gastric cancer: a retrospective cohort study. reports: Peripheral blood cell parameters are used as prognostic markers in gastric cancer. In this study, we evaluated the prognostic significance of the Pan-Immune-Inflammatory Value (PIV), calculated as (neutrophil &#xd7; platelet &#xd7; monocyte) / lymphocyte counts, in patients with gastric cancer. The study included 120 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma who were followed at the Department of Medical Oncology, Sultan Abdulhamid Han Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, between September 2017 and December 2024.

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Psoriasis beyond the skin: systemic inflammation as a bridge to metabolic and hepatic comorbidities. reports: Psoriasis, long thought to be a chronic immune-mediated dermatological disease, is now being reclassified as a systemic inflammatory disease with substantial metabolic and hepatic complications. Psoriasis affects approximately 2-3% of global population and is associated with up to 50% risk of systemic comorbidities. This mini-review examines the evolving understanding of psoriasis pathogenesis, focusing on the interaction of immunological dysregulation, keratinocyte hyperproliferation, and systemic cytokine release.

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Quantum-Transport Informed Machine Learning for Identifying Tobacco-Induced Regioisomeric DNA Adducts. reports: Tobacco smoke contains a complex array of genotoxic carcinogens that form structurally diverse DNA adducts, driving mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. Among these, certain adducts exist as regioisomers, differing in the specific site of covalent attachment on the nucleobase, which in turn alters their structural and electronic properties. Detecting these adducts remains challenging due to subtle structural variations.

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R-GAT: cancer document classification leveraging graph-based residual network for scenarios with limited data. reports: Accurate classification of cancer-related biomedical abstracts is critical for advancing cancer informatics and supporting decision-making in healthcare research. Yet progress in this domain is often constrained by limited availability of labeled corpora and the high computational demands of transformer-based approaches. To address these challenges, we propose a Residual Graph Attention Network (R-GAT) that integrates multi-head attention with residual connections to capture semantic and relational dependencies in biomedical texts.

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Silver Nanoparticles Specially Amplify the Anticancer Effects of Platinum-Based Drugs by Disrupting Cellular Nucleotide and Sulfur Homeostasis. reports: Numerous nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as promising physical vehicles to deliver drugs for cancer treatment, yet the effect of their biochemical activities on drug efficacy is rarely considered. Here, we demonstrate that silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) specially potentiate the anticancer efficacy of platinum-based drugs, increasing apoptosis rates by up to 5.26-fold across multiple cancer cell lines. Untargeted metabolomics identified the AgNPs-induced downregulation of 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS) and glutathione, key components of sulfur metabolism, alongside depletion of nucleotide pools critical for DNA repair.

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TACE and tyrosine kinase inhibitors with or without PD-1 inhibitors as first-line therapy for intermediate-advanced HCC: a multicenter real-world cohort study. reports: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of combining transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), with or without programmed death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors (ICI), as first-line therapy for intermediate-advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a real-world setting. This multicentre retrospective cohort study enrolled patients with intermediate-advanced HCC who received either TACE combined with TKIs and PD-1 inhibitors (TACE-TKI-ICI) or TACE plus TKIs (TACE-TKI) from January 2019 to December 2023. The outcomes included progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR), and safety.

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TFAP2C protects against ferroptosis in ovarian cancer through the KEAP1-NRF2 axis by recruiting HDAC1/2. reports: Ferroptosis, a distinct form of programmed cell death characterized by the iron-dependent aberrant buildup of lipid peroxides, has emerged as a promising approach in cancer therapy. The KEAP1-NRF2 axis serves as a critical regulator of ferroptosis, exerting its suppressive effects by preserving cellular redox homeostasis and orchestrating the transcriptional activation of downstream antioxidant genes. NRF2 hyperactivation is frequently observed across multiple cancer types and is associated with tumor progression and therapeutic resistance.

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The Effectiveness of Tailored Messaging Interventions to Promote Cancer Screening Adherence: A Systematic Review. reports: Promoting adherence to cancer screenings through effective communication campaigns is critical for the prevention and early detection of cancer, significantly enhancing patients' health outcomes. This systematic review aims to assess the effectiveness of tailored messaging interventions in promoting screenings for cervical, breast, and colorectal cancer. Randomized controlled trials conducted between January 2000 and August 2025, which personalized the intervention content based on at least one tailored psychological variable and measured screening intention or behavior as outcome variables, were included.

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The FOSB-IGFBP5-IGF-1 axis: a novel regulatory pathway that suppresses prostate cancer growth. reports: While the functions of activator protein-1 (AP-1) family transcription factors in prostate cancer (PCa) have been well researched, the specific role and mechanisms of FOSB in PCa progression are poorly understood. Here, we aimed to elucidate the precise role of FOSB in PCa and its underlying molecular mechanisms. A comprehensive investigation involving bioinformatics analysis of the TCGA and GEO datasets, validation in clinical PCa samples and cell lines, functional studies in vitro and in vivo, and RNA sequencing coupled with targeted validation (dual-luciferase reporter assays, ChIP&#x2012;qPCR, RT&#x2012;qPCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry) was performed.

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Time to achieve response and depth of maximal tumor response as potential surrogates for overall survival in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. reports: Objective response rate (ORR) is a common early endpoint in NSCLC trials, but its ability to predict overall survival (OS) is limited, especially for immunotherapy and targeted treatments. Alternative metrics like time to and depth of response are under evaluation as surrogate endpoints. We analyzed pooled data from two randomized trials (OAK, POPLAR) comparing atezolizumab to docetaxel.

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Tumor cell-intrinsic PD-1 in malignant ascites drives ovarian cancer progression via MAPK/ERK signaling. reports: Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), an immune checkpoint primarily expressed on T cells, plays a critical role in mediating tumor immune evasion. However, the role of PD-1 in non-immune cells remains poorly understood. Here, we report tumor cell-intrinsic PD-1 expression in malignant ascites from ovarian cancer patients.

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Tumor-associated astrocytes augment cholesterol synthesis to support glioblastoma growth through alternatively spliced Quaking (QKI) isoforms. reports: Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive brain tumor with limited treatment options. Tumor-associated astrocytes (TAAs) are crucial components of the GBM microenvironment, yet the contribution of alternative splicing (AS) in TAAs to tumor progression remains unclear. Transcriptomic and molecular analyses of GBM-associated astrocytes revealed a GBM-induced isoform switch in the RNA-binding protein Quaking (QKI) from the QKI-6 isoform to QKI-5 isoform.

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Validation of a blood-based autoantibody test to assess lung cancer risk in 4-30&#x2009;mm pulmonary nodules: a retrospective pooled analysis of four cohort studies. reports: To validate a blood-based autoantibody test (AAT) as a high specificity, rule-in biomarker for 4-30&#x2009;mm indeterminate pulmonary nodules (IPN) across malignancy risk. Retrospective pooled analysis of four cohorts including adults with a 4-30&#x2009;mm IPN, AAT result, and benign or malignant diagnosis. AAT results were classified as Moderate Level (all patients with elevated autoantibodies), High Level (stricter subset within Moderate Level), or No Significant Level of Autoantibodies Detected (NSLAD).

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VDAC1 protein derived from extracellular vesicles promotes paclitaxel resistance in gastric cancer through autophagy and mitophagy. reports: Paclitaxel (PTX), a conventional second-line therapeutic agent for advanced gastric cancer (GC), exhibits compromised clinical efficacy due to acquired chemoresistance in patients, the molecular mechanisms of which remain poorly elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of targeting extracellular vesicle (EV) protein in reversing PTX resistance in GC cells and to delineate the underlying molecular pathways involved. Proteomic profiling was used to identify differentially expressed EV proteins in PTX-resistant GC cells.

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Volume-Outcome Relationships in Total Mesorectal Excision Quality and Grading: A National Cancer Database Study. reports: Total mesorectal excision (TME) is the surgical standard for mid-to-low rectal cancer, and the Commission on Cancer Standard 5.7 requires documentation of TME grade. The aim of our study was to describe national variation in TME grading and quality. This was a multicenter retrospective cohort of 5033 patients within the National Cancer Database who underwent TME for rectal adenocarcinoma in 2022, the first year TME quality is available.

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Clathrin-associated SCYL2 contributes to the activation of PI3K/AKT signaling and tumorigenesis through PTEN phosphorylation in adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. reports: Inactivation of PTEN by post-translational modifications causes aberrant amplification of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in many tumors. PTEN is a tumor suppressor phosphatase that is frequently phosphorylated at conserved serine/threonine residues (S380, T382, and T383 clusters) in the C-terminal tail of ATL and various solid cancer cells. Here, we identify SCY1-like protein 2 (SCYL2), with a protein kinase-like domain, as a novel PTEN-binding protein; however, the mechanism by which SCYL2 regulates PTEN phosphorylation remains unclear.

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Design and Synthesis of Actin-Targeting 10-Phenoxy Cytochalasan Analogues: Balancing Cytotoxicity and Migrastatic Activity. reports: Cytochalasans are actin polymerization inhibitors with potent migrastatic activity, but their potential therapeutic use is limited by their cytotoxicity. Here, we describe a modular late-stage approach that introduces unprecedented 10-phenoxy substituents into the cytochalasan scaffold via a Mitsunobu reaction. A series of ten 10-phenoxycytochalasan analogues was synthesized and evaluated for actin polymerization inhibition, migrastatic activity, and cytotoxicity (BLM, MRC-5, and HaCaT).

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Design of a Targeted Covalent Probe to Interrogate the DNA Polymerase Activity of Pol&#x3b8;. reports: Human DNA polymerase &#x3b8; (Pol&#x3b8;) is essential for microhomology-mediated end-joining (MMEJ) and represents a therapeutic vulnerability in homologous recombination (HR)-deficient cancers. Although reversible inhibitors of Pol&#x3b8; have advanced into clinical development, covalent chemical probes remain unexplored. Analysis of a previously described structure of the reversible inhibitor compound 37 bound to Pol&#x3b8; identified Cys2411 as an accessible residue 7.4 &#xc5; adjacent to the inhibitor binding site.

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Design, Synthesis, and Structure-Activity Relationship Studies of 7 H &#x2011;Pyrrolo[2,3&#x2011; d ]pyrimidine Derivatives as Potent Casein Kinase 1&#x3b1; (CK1&#x3b1;) Inhibitors. reports: Casein kinase 1&#x3b1; (CK1&#x3b1;) is a serine/threonine kinase that plays a pivotal role in regulating p53 and other critical signaling pathways and is intimately involved in tumor initiation and progression. Inhibition of CK1&#x3b1; has been demonstrated to be a promising therapeutic strategy for certain types of cancers such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In this study, we designed and synthesized a series of novel CK1&#x3b1; inhibitors bearing a 7 H -pyrrolo-[2,3- d ]-pyrimidine scaffold.

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Discovery and Preclinical Evaluations of Potent, Selective, and Allosteric Covalent WRN Inhibitors with Improved PK Properties. reports: Werner syndrome helicase (WRN) has received significant interest due to its implication as a synthetic lethal target in microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) cancers. Here we report the discovery of a novel allosteric covalent WRN inhibitor, compound 22 , via structure-based medicinal design and pharmacokinetic optimization from VVD-214. Compound 22 occupied a new cavity and formed an additional hydrogen bond with K894, thereby improving its activities.

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Discovery and Synthesis of Novel Furan and Thiophene Sulfonamide-Based Derivatives as Dual-Functional &#x3b1;&#x2011;Glucosidase Inhibitors. reports: Molecular docking and dynamics simulations identified sulfonamide lead compound 4a (ZINC818285131) as an &#x3b1;-glucosidase inhibitor. Subsequent structural modification yielded a novel series of furan/thiophene-containing sulfonamide derivatives ( 4b - 4p ). In vitro assays revealed potent &#x3b1;-glucosidase inhibition for compounds 4i , 4m , 4n , and 4p , with IC 50 values ranging from 2.03 &#x3bc;M to 2.69 &#x3bc;M.

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Discovery of Novel ERK5 Inhibitors for Pancreatic Cancer via a Virtual Screening Approach. reports: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) exhibits a dismal prognosis, with limited therapeutic options beyond first-line chemotherapy. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5) represents a compelling therapeutic target, particularly due to its compensatory role in sustaining proliferation and MYC stability following ERK1/2 inhibition in KRAS-mutant PDAC. To address the need for novel inhibitors, we implemented an integrated virtual screening workflow combining PSICHIC screening, KarmaDock, similarity analysis, molecular clustering, and manual selection.

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Discovery of Quinazolinone Derivatives as Potent PARP1 Inhibitors. reports: Poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) is the most abundant and well-characterized member of PARP family and plays a significant role in DNA damage detection and repair. Cancer cells with homogeneous recombination deficiency (HRD) depend on PARP1 mediated DNA repair for survival, which makes PARP1 as a potential cancer treatment target. This patent highlights the synthesis and pharmaceutical composition of novel quinazolinone based PARP inhibitors for cancer treatment.

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Fragment Screening and Structure-Guided Development of Heparanase Inhibitors Reveal Orthosteric and Allosteric Inhibition. reports: Heparanase is the sole enzyme responsible for breaking down heparan sulfate within the extracellular matrix, and its overexpression is linked to human diseases. Despite heparanase being a promising drug target, most efforts have focused on substrate mimetics, which have failed clinical trials, highlighting the need for new inhibitor scaffolds. Here, we employed fragment-based drug design to explore a novel chemical space to develop small molecule inhibitors of heparanase.

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Multimodal Modulation of the IL-17 Axis: Integrating Small-Molecule Inhibition, PEGylation, and Targeted Nanoparticle Immunotherapy. reports: Recent patent disclosures reveal convergent strategies to modulate IL-17-driven pathology through complementary chemical and delivery modalities. Acidic small-molecule inhibitors, PEGylated derivatives, and antibody-functionalized lipid nanoparticles collectively address potency, exposure, and immune context. Together, these approaches outline an integrated framework for treating inflammatory diseases and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments.

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Novel 6&#x2011;Aminopurine Derivatives as POLQ Inhibitors for Treating Cancer. reports: Provided herein are novel 6-aminopurine derivatives as POLQ inhibitors, pharmaceutical compositions, use of such compounds in treating cancer, and processes for preparing such compounds.

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Novel Compounds as ARNT Degraders for Treating Cancer, in Particular, Hematological Cancer. reports: Provided herein are novel compounds as ARNT degraders, pharmaceutical compositions, use of such compounds in treating cancer, in particular, hematological cancer, and processes for preparing such compounds.

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Novel Compounds as MALT1 Inhibitors for Treating Cancer. reports: Provided herein are novel compounds as MALT1 inhibitors, pharmaceutical compositions, use of such compounds in treating cancer, and processes for preparing such compounds.

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Novel Compounds as TIPARP Inhibitors for Treating Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC). reports: Provided herein are novel compounds as TIPARP inhibitors, pharmaceutical compositions, use of such compounds in treating head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), and processes for preparing such compounds.

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Novel Substituted Benzisoxazole Sulfonamides as Lysine Acetyl Transferase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Cancers. reports: This patent describes novel substituted benzisoxazole sulfonamides as lysine acetyl transferase (KAT) inhibitors with potential applications in cancer therapy. It provides details on the synthesis of novel substituted benzisoxazole sulfonamides, their pharmaceutical composition, and the use in the treatment of cancers.

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Novel Werner Syndrome RecQ DNA Helicase (WRN) Inhibitors for Cancer Treatment. reports: The Werner Syndrome RecQ DNA helicase (WRN) plays a crucial role in DNA metabolism and genome stability. This patent collectively demonstrates the synthesis, composition and formulation about novel WRN inhibitors featuring bicyclic heterocycles for cancer treatment.

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Precision Control of Transcription and Cell-Cycle Signaling: Emerging Strategies from Epigenetic Degradation to CDK-Targeted Oncology. reports: Recent patent disclosures highlight complementary strategies to modulate transcriptional and cell-cycle control in cancer. Selective and dual p300/CBP degraders introduce emerging epigenetic degradation modalities, while biomarker-guided CDK4 inhibition and a crystalline CDK2 inhibitor exemplify precision oncology and potential late-stage development. Together, these inventions illustrate how mechanistic innovation, patient stratification, and pharmaceutical execution converge to advance targeted anticancer therapies.

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Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 3,5-Diaryl-Substituted 1,2,4-Oxadiazole Sulfamates as Potent Steroid Sulfatase Inhibitors. reports: A novel series of 3,5-disubstituted 1,2,4-oxadiazole sulfamates was synthesized and evaluated as steroid sulfatase (STS) inhibitors. Molecular docking predicted high affinity (binding energies of up to -8.9 kcal&#xb7;mol -1 ), often surpassing the reference Irosustat. Biological evaluation confirmed potent inhibition; compound 9n reduced enzymatic STS activity to 3.5% at 10 &#x3bc;M.

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Targeting RAD51-BRCA2 Interaction to Enhance Synthetic Lethality with Olaparib in Pancreatic Cancer: Development of a Novel Phenyl Furan-Quinoline-Carboxylic Acid Series. reports: Synthetic lethality has proven to be a tactical paradigm to design synergistic anticancer drug combinations. In this context, we leveraged BRCA2 and PARP as a synthetic lethal target pair to consolidate the use of small molecule inhibitors of RAD51-BRCA2 protein-protein interaction as inducers of the BRCAness phenotype that sensitizes BRCA2 -functional cancer cells to PARP inhibitors. Starting from compound 1 , a phenyl furan-carboxyquinoline, we developed a series of analogues, leading to derivative 19 .

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Colchicine-cinnamic acid hybrids with potent anticancer activities: synthesis, in vitro , and in vivo biological evaluations. reports: Cancer represents a critical global health burden, with the clinical application of many chemotherapeutic agents constrained by limited efficacy and significant toxicity. Colchicine, a tubulin-targeting agent, exhibits potent anticancer activity but has a narrow therapeutic window. Conversely, natural cinnamic acid and its derivatives are safe but lack strong antitumor potency and specific targets.

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Magnetic graphene-based ferrite nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization, and anti-proliferative activity against some human cancer cells ( in vitro study). reports: This work introduces a novel soft magnetic building block (GCM), based on reduced graphene oxide covalently functionalized with Congo red molecules and incorporated with barium ferrite nanoparticles, creating a promising multifunctional platform for future magnetically controlled nanorobotic systems for potential cancer therapy and diagnosis nanodevices. The sol-gel auto-combustion method was used for the synthesis of pure barium ferrite (M) and in situ synthesis of reduced graphene oxide-barium ferrite nanoconjugate (GM). Physicochemical characterization techniques were used for identification, including infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, UV-visible spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry, size distribution analysis, and &#x3b6; -potential analysis.

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[Geomapping of 10-year coverage rate of cervical cancer screening in Sweden - a basis for targeting population-level interventions to improve screening]. reports: A high coverage rate of cervical cancer screening is necessary to prevent cervical cancer. Women who have not been tested in the last 10 years are considered as long-term non-attenders from the screening program. A recent report from the Regional Cancer Centers in Sweden addressed geographic disparities in the 10-year coverage rate among 33-62-year-old women residing in Sweden in 2023, and compared the results with those in a previous report from 2020.

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Non-canonically regulated heterochronic expression of Hsp70 drives clonal expansion and invasion in Drosophila epithelial tumors reports: Oncogenic stress responses are critical modulators of tumour cell adaptation to hostile microenvironments and clonal dynamics. The evolutionarily conserved Hsp70 chaperone promotes tumour cell survival by suppressing apoptosis and facilitating metastatic progression. However, the temporal order and regulation of its expression in neoplastic tumours remains ill-defined. This is a preprint and not peer reviewed.

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Cancer Cachexia Prevalence Is Underestimated in Medical Records of Patients in a Regional Tertiary Hospital. reports: Widespread lack of awareness and limited real-world prevalence evidence have impeded cachexia care and research. We hypothesized that healthcare professionals may identify the term cachexia, leading to International Classification of Diseases (ICD) coding for this term, with or without records of body weight loss for diagnosing cancer cachexia, and that frequently, ICD coding does not accurately reflect weight data. We assessed cachexia prevalence in patients diagnosed with cancer, using the Clinical Data Warehouse of a French hospital containing two types of real-world digitized data: (a) 'structured': coded diagnoses and electronic records; (b) 'unstructured': uncoded clinical narratives/reports: discharge summaries, procedure results, letters.

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Cerebrovascular Malformations Associated With Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia and HHT-Like Syndromes: A Comparative Overview. reports: Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is an autosomal dominant vascular disorder marked by mucocutaneous telangiectasias, recurrent epistaxis, and visceral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Neurologic risks include brain AVMs and hemorrhagic stroke. Several rare genetic and sporadic syndromes ("HHT-like" syndromes) share overlapping vascular features, complicating diagnosis.

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Combined Impact of Smoking Duration and Malnutrition on Cancer Survival: Insights Into Systemic Inflammation. reports: Smoking and malnutrition are established risk factors for cancer survival, yet evidence on their combined effects remains limited. This study aimed to investigate the joint impact of smoking duration and malnutrition on overall survival (OS) in patients with solid tumours and to explore the potential underlying mechanism-systemic inflammation. This study was based on the Investigation of Nutrition Status and Clinical Outcomes in Common Cancers (INSCOC), which enrolled 29&#x2009;988 patients with solid tumours and collected data on smoking status, nutritional status assessed by the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) and haematological indicators.

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Delayed intracardiac migration of a retained epicardial pacing wire 14 years after coronary artery bypass grafting presenting with high-burden polymorphic ventricular ectopy: a case report. reports: Temporary epicardial pacing wires (TEPWs) are routinely inserted during open-heart surgery and are usually removed before discharge. When retained, most remain clinically silent; however, late complications, including migration, erosion, infection, and arrhythmia, have been reported. An 84-year-old man, 14 years after coronary artery bypass grafting, had an incidental metallic density on computed tomography.

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Developing an automatic decision-assistance tool to choose proton/photon radiotherapy for patients with prostate cancer. reports: It is important to guide staff in choosing appropriately between photon and proton radiotherapy. This study develops an automatic decision method to select the most clinically beneficial radiotherapy technique (proton or photon) for patients with prostate cancer. An automatic decision method was developed to help staff in choosing appropriately between photon and proton radiotherapy for patients with prostate cancer.

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Durable Disease Control With Atezolizumab Plus Bevacizumab but Limited Post-Progression Outcomes: A Multicenter Real-World Study in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma. reports: Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (Atez/Bev) has become the standard first-line therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but optimal second-line strategies remain unclear. This multicenter retrospective study compared survival outcomes and tumor control among first-line regimens and evaluated post-progression efficacy. We retrospectively analyzed 1542 patients with advanced HCC who received sorafenib (SOR), lenvatinib (LEN), or Atez/Bev between 2009 and 2022.

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Early Mortality Following Systemic Anticancer Therapy in Lung Cancer: A Bayesian Spatiotemporal Multilevel Analysis. reports: Despite advances in lung cancer treatment, early mortality following Systemic Anticancer Therapy (SACT) remains a major concern. Identifying patients at high risk of early mortality may inform treatment decision-making, particularly where SACT may offer limited benefit. We aimed to quantify spatiotemporal patterns of early mortality following SACT and to examine the relative contributions of individual- and area-level risk factors.

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Effects of narrative-based interventions on self-efficacy and self-management in chronic disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. reports: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the impact of narrative interventions on self-efficacy and self-management behaviors in patients with chronic diseases. We systematically searched EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PsycINFO, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and PubMed from conception to 2025, supplemented by manual searches of reference lists. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effects of narrative interventions on self-efficacy or self-management in adults with chronic diseases were included.

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Encapsulated Enigma: Surgical Resolution of a Lingual Lipoma Affecting Oral Functions. reports: Lingual lipomas are uncommon benign tumors, accounting for <&#x2009;0.5% of all tongue neoplasms, due to the limited adipose tissue in this region. They are usually asymptomatic and slow growing, which may delay detection. We report the case of a 50-year-old man with a 4-year history of a painless, progressively enlarging submucosal mass on the ventral surface of the tongue.

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Evaluation of the InTempo path set for CyberKnife prostate and lung SBRT: A single-institution experience. reports: The InTempo adaptive imaging system is an important component of the Accuray CyberKnife System, designed to enhance the system's ability to track and correct tumor motion during treatment. However, a limitation of this feature is the reduction of available nodes for treatment planning. The impact of a reduced number of nodes on the quality of InTempo-based treatment plans has not previously been evaluated.

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From Natural Limonoids to a Rationally Designed Derivative: Facilitating the Study of Anti-Adenocarcinoma Potential and Mechanisms Through Solubility Enhancement. reports: Natural limonoids, exemplified by limonin from lemon seeds, exhibit promising antitumor activity but are hindered by poor aqueous solubility, which critically limits their bioavailability and cellular engagement. To address this, a rational structure-based design was employed, focusing on the under-explored C-7 position. Methoxyamination of limonin yielded a novel derivative, limonin-7-methoxime.

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Glycolysis enzymes and cellular lactylation in tumour. reports: Cellular lactylation, a recently identified post-translational modification, has emerged as a crucial regulator in various biological processes, particularly in cancer. The discovery of lactylation provides a new perspective for understanding the functional significance of the Warburg effect in tumour cells. Enzymes involved in the glycolytic pathway modulate lactylation, influencing tumour genesis and progression.

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High-Dose Continuous Infusion Ifosfamide as Effective Palliation in a Patient With Relapsed Ewing Sarcoma With Bone Marrow Infiltration and Severe Thrombocytopenia: A Case Report. reports: Ewing sarcoma is a rare primary mesenchymal tumor of the bone that requires an intensive multimodal therapeutic approach. Multidrug chemotherapy regimens are also the backbone for relapsing/recurring Ewing sarcoma treatment, yet when the disease relapses as bone marrow infiltration, combination chemotherapy might be difficult to administer and prognosis is poor. This report describes the case of a 22-year-old patient with Ewing sarcoma who developed severe pancytopenia due to bone marrow infiltration, and who was treated with high-dose continuous infusion ifosfamide, obtaining both clinical, radiological, and hematological response lasting for about 7&#x2009;months.

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Implementing a Rapid Response Pathway for Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer in a Universal Healthcare System. reports: To implement a multidisciplinary anaplastic thyroid cancer rapid response team (ARRT) pathway in a universal healthcare system and evaluate its impact on diagnostic and treatment timelines for patients with anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC). This quasi-experimental study was conducted at a tertiary care cancer center in Canada. We compared 26 consecutive adult patients with confirmed ATC: 11 patients in the pre-pathway period (January 2015-June 2020) and 15 in the post-pathway period (July 2020-July 2023).

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Metastatic high-grade undifferentiated ovarian carcinoma: A case report from Sub-Saharan Africa. reports: Undifferentiated ovarian carcinoma (UDOC) is an exceptionally rare and highly aggressive subtype of epithelial ovarian cancer, accounting for less than 1% of cases and infrequently reported in the literature, particularly in resource-limited settings. To our knowledge, this represents the first reported case of metastatic UDOC from Sub-Saharan Africa. We report a case of high-grade UDOC in a 63-year-old postmenopausal woman presenting to a tertiary referral center in Northern Tanzania with a one-year history of progressive abdominal pain, distension, early satiety, and weight loss.

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Primary synovial sarcoma of the pericardium diagnosed after multiple biopsies following recurrent episodes of haemorrhagic pericardial effusion following infection: a case report. reports: Primary malignant pericardial tumours are extremely rare, and synovial sarcoma arising from the pericardium is an exceptionally uncommon entity with poor survival. Diagnosis is often delayed because initial pericardial biopsies can be non-diagnostic, and distinguishing between inflammatory disease and malignancy may be challenging. An 11-year-old boy developed recurrent fever and chest pain 15 days after Coronavirus disease 2019 infection.

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Quantitative analysis of robustness-based versus LET-based optimization in intensity-modulated proton therapy for pediatric brain tumors. reports: To perform a quantitative analysis of the trade-off between robustness-based and linear energy transfer (LET)-based optimization of intensity-modulated proton therapy for anatomically challenging pediatric brain tumor cases. Three pediatric brain tumor patients were included in this study. Three plans were generated for each case based on: (1) nominal optimization, without considering uncertainties and LET; (2) robust optimization, including proton range and patient setup uncertainties; and (3) LET optimization, considering increasing LET in the target and reducing LET in normal tissues.

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RapidArc Dynamic (RAD) multi-mechanical axis optimization achieves enhanced OAR sparing in cervical cancer: A dosimetric comparison study. reports: To overcome limitations of conventional VMAT for cervical cancer, specifically restricted OAR sparing due to static collimators and delivery constraints inherent to dynamic modulation, we systematically evaluate RapidArc Dynamic (RAD) technology. This first comprehensive assessment focuses on RAD's multi-axis coordination for optimized pelvic radiotherapy planning. Twenty cervical cancer patients treated with TrueBeam whose energy was 6MV X-ray were retrospectively analyzed.

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Real-World Comparative Study of Apalutamide Versus Bicalutamide in Combination With Androgen Deprivation Therapy for Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer. reports: To evaluate the real-world effectiveness and safety of apalutamide versus bicalutamide in combination with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) in Japanese clinical practice. This multicenter retrospective study analyzed 477 patients with mHSPC who received either apalutamide (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;102) or bicalutamide (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;375) in combination with ADT across 19 Japanese institutions. The primary outcome was time to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).

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The effect of two remote exercise programs on cardiorespiratory fitness, cardiac function, and vascular health in patients with breast cancer. reports: Breast cancer is a common, survivable malignancy affecting women. With improved survival, the off-target effects of chemotherapy, such as a decline in cardiorespiratory fitness and worse cardiovascular outcomes, have been recognized. Exercise training may help mitigate these effects.

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The Impact of Time Interval to Surgery After Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy on Oncological Outcomes: A Long-Term Follow-Up Study on Rectal Cancer Patients. reports: Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) has been shown to improve prognosis in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). However, there is still debate regarding the optimal time of surgery following nCRT. This exploratory study aimed to investigate whether there is a difference in oncological outcomes between patients with LARC who undergo surgery within 6&#x2009;weeks of nCRT and those who wait longer than 6&#x2009;weeks.

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The uncoordinated-5 homologue A is a key receptor in netrin-ligand-mediated fast-twitch myotube formation in male mice. reports: Myoblasts autonomously govern myofiber-type specification of newly formed myotubes through autocrine-paracrine-dependent manners mediated by multipotent modulators. Netrin-1, which is particularly produced in myoblasts isolated from the extensor digitorum longus (EDL; fast-twitch myofiber-abundant) rather than the soleus (slow-twitch myofiber-abundant), and netrin-4, which is abundantly expressed during myogenic differentiation initiation, stimulate the synthesis of fast-type myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoforms. However, the mechanisms by which netrin-1 and netrin-4 promote fast-twitch myotube formation remain unclear.

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Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with immunotherapy and anti-angiogenic agents in intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (CHANCE2202): a target trial emulation study. reports: This study aimed to assess the clinical outcomes of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) plus vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors or tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) (combination therapy) versus TACE monotherapy as a first-line treatment for intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This nationwide, retrospective cohort study employed a target trial emulation framework with a cloning-censoring-weighting approach. Patients with intermediate-stage HCC receiving either combination therapy or TACE monotherapy between January 2018 and December 2022 in China were included.

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Transfer Learning Strategies for Pathological Foundation Models: A Systematic Evaluation in Brain Tumor Classification. reports: Deploying pathology AI at individual hospitals faces challenges including limited cases and adapting pretrained models to local data. Brain tumor classification, with diverse diagnostic categories but few cases per institution, represents this challenge. Foundation models may offer a solution, but optimal transfer learning strategies remain unclear.

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Fragmentation through cell-cell adhesion maintains senescent cell viability but promotes debris deposition reports: Cellular senescence is a state of stable arrest and secretion linked to aging and disease. Here we identify that senescent cells dispose of large fragments of themselves through cell-to-cell adhesion, which we term senescent-cell adhesion fragments (SCAFs). Found across all senescent types examined, SCAFs lack nuclear material but contain organelles, including damaged mitochondria. This is a preprint and not peer reviewed.

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Paraneoplastic Pemphigus and Liver Biopsy Needle Track Dissemination in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Case Report. reports: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common and aggressive liver cancer, typically arising in cirrhotic livers but can also occur in the absence of cirrhosis. Paraneoplastic pemphigus (PNP) is a rare autoimmune blistering disorder mostly linked to hematologic malignancies; its association with HCC is extremely uncommon and poses significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges, particularly due to the need for immunosuppression in PNP management, which may limit systemic cancer therapies. We report an 80-year-old male with no prior liver disease presenting with painful oral erosions, weight loss, and hepatomegaly.

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Spatial control of Keratin 8 phosphorylation by Aurora B facilitates cytokinesis in cancer cells of epithelial origin reports: Keratins assemble into mechanically resilient polymers that physically stabilize epithelial cells. When epithelial cells divide, keratin polymers must be severed to allow cell separation during cytokinesis. Phosphorylation has been implicated in this process, but how keratins are regulated during cell division is not understood. This is a preprint and not peer reviewed.

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Deriving genetic codes for molecular phenotypes from first principles reports: The genetic code is a formal principle that determines which proteins an organism can produce from only its genome sequence, without mechanistic modeling. Whether similar formal principles govern the relationship between genome sequence and phenotype across scales - from molecules to cells to tissues - is unknown. Here, we show that a single formal principle - structural correspondence -- underlies the relationship between phenotype and genome sequence across scales. This is a preprint and not peer reviewed.

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A Case of Persistent Diarrhea and Fevers Uncovering Colorectal Adenocarcinoma. reports: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major contributor to cancer-related mortality in the United States and remains a substantial public health challenge worldwide. Although screening modalities have proven efficacy in reducing both incidence and mortality, adherence to these preventive measures is still suboptimal. We present a Hispanic man in his early 50s with no prior screening who developed CRC.

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A Decade of Oncolytic Virotherapy in Pediatric Cancers: A Systematic Review of Safety, Immune Awakening, and Emerging Efficacy. reports: Oncolytic virotherapy employs genetically modified viruses to selectively lyse tumor cells while activating antitumor immune responses. In pediatric oncology, where outcomes for high-grade gliomas and refractory solid tumors remain poor, oncolytic viruses represent a promising therapeutic strategy. A systematic review was conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines, including searches of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov for studies published between 2015 and 2025 that evaluated oncolytic virotherapy in patients aged 18 years or younger.

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A Mandibular Metastasis as the Initial Presentation of Hepatoid Adenocarcinoma of the Lung: A Case Report. reports: Hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the lung is a rare primary pulmonary malignancy that exhibits morphological traits resembling those seen in hepatocellular carcinoma and is associated with high alpha-fetoprotein expression. It follows a very aggressive course and is often diagnosed in advanced oncologic stages. We present our experience with this malignancy and report on a case with mandibular metastasis, an uncommon metastatic site.

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