Other / not listed research papers

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Health and productivity benefits of anti-PD-(L)1 agents for early-stage cancer treatment in Hungary. reports: Anti-PD-(L)1 agents, inhibitors of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) or its ligand (PD-L1), are established therapies that improve cancer management as well as the disease and societal burden of specific metastatic and early-stage cancers. The aim of the study was to determine the impact of adopting anti-PD-(L)1 agents for the treatment of all eligible patients with early-stage cancers versus reserving anti-PD-(L)1 agents for patients with metastatic disease alone in Hungary. This study evaluated two scenarios, one where anti-PD-(L)1 agents were used to treat all eligible early-stage disease case s (ESD scenario) of melanoma (stage IIB-C and III), renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) versus a reference scenario where anti-PD-(L)1 agents were only used to treat metastatic disease cases in Hungary (2024-2033).

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Insurance, race, and socioeconomic disparities in systemic therapy receipt for melanoma in the United States: a systematic review. reports: Although evidence suggests disparities in melanoma treatment, no comprehensive summary exists on whether insurance type, race/ethnicity, or socioeconomic status consistently influence systemic therapy receipt. Understanding these associations may inform strategies to reduce inequities. We conducted a systematic review of United States (US) based studies assessing systemic therapy receipt by insurance, socioeconomic status, and race/ethnicity.

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Gemini surfactant-stabilized cubosomes for enhanced topical delivery of 5-fluorouracil in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. reports: Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a prevalent non-melanoma skin cancer. Topical chemotherapy offers a non-invasive alternative to surgical treatments, yet the therapeutic efficacy of conventional agents like 5-fluorouracil is hindered by poor skin permeability and systemic side effects. In this study, we developed a gemini-surfactant-stabilized cubosomal gel (OF12-GEL) for enhanced topical delivery of 5-fluorouracil.

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Clinical and treatment-related predictors of complete response after total neoadjuvant therapy for rectal cancer in a large multicenter analysis. reports: Complete response (CR) after total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) in rectal cancer is linked to favorable local control and enables non-operative management (NOM). Achieving high CR rates is crucial. As no standard TNT protocol exists, we aimed to assess the impact of clinical factors and different protocols on CR rates.

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MR-guided stereotactic radiosurgery of an intracardiac tumoral thrombus using comprehensive motion management. reports: Lung cancer is often complicated by hypercoagulability, with intracardiac thrombi not an uncommon consequence. While radiotherapy can be a treatment option, effective intracardiac irradiation can be technically challenging. We present the case of a 54-year-old non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patient treated for a recurrent left atrial tumoral thrombus.

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Timing, fractionation, and dose of thoracic radiotherapy in patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer undergoing first-line Chemo-Immunotherapy. reports: This study investigates the optimal timing, fractionation, and dose of thoracic radiotherapy (RT) in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) patients responsive to first-line Chemo-Immunotherapy (CIT), and evaluates efficacy and safety. In this multicenter retrospective analysis, 280 ES-SCLC patients receiving both CIT and TRT between January 2020 and July 2024 were included. Patients were stratified by TRT timing into Concurrent Chemo-Immuno-Radiotherapy (CCIRT, during CIT) or Sequential CIRT (SCIRT, after CIT) groups.

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A case of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the larynx: Diagnostic challenges, surgical management, and long-term surveillance. reports: Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the larynx is an uncommon malignant neoplasm, accounting for less than 1% of all laryngeal cancers. It arises from minor salivary glands, predominantly located in the subglottic region. ACC is characterized by slow but aggressive growth, with a notable propensity for perineural invasion and distant hematogenous dissemination, particularly to the lungs, which occurs in approximately 35%-50% of cases.

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Abdominal Wall Abscess after Prophylactic Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy Placement in a Patient Undergoing Chemoradiotherapy for Laryngeal Cancer. reports: Prophylactic percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) placement for nutritional management prior to chemoradiotherapy is a common procedure in patients with head and neck cancer, for which serious complications are rare. Herein, we present a case of abdominal wall abscess that developed 12 days following prophylactic PEG placement in a patient with laryngeal cancer. This rare complication was initially difficult to diagnose due to subtle abdominal symptoms.

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Living bacterial reactor potently activates tumor immunogenic ferroptosis via cysteine depletion and photothermal therapy. reports: Bacterial combination therapy offers immense promise for treating aggressive "cold" solid tumors, such as triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, the clinical translatability of traditional genetic engineering is often hampered by operational complexity and genetic instability. Here, we developed A-SPB-a non-genetically engineered, multi-functional living bioreactor based on Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 (SO), surface-modified with Prussian blue (PB) nanoparticles and attenuated via deoxycholic acid (DA) treatment.

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Questionable indication for postoperative radiotherapy after surgery for metastases of the major long bones: A single-centre cohort study of 552 fractures/526 patients. reports: The use of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) as an adjunct to orthopaedic surgery of the long bones is widely recommended. Evidence of the benefits is however sparse. The primary research question of this study was whether PORT reduces the incidence of local failure after orthopaedic surgery for metastatic disease of the long bones.

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Ultrasound-triggered carrier-free nanoprodrugs activate cGAS-STING pathway to enhance tumor-targeting chemo-immunotherapy. reports: Chemotherapy-induced cell apoptosis results in nuclear damage and the subsequent release of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) fragments, which can stimulate the cGAS-STING pathway to initiate antitumor immune responses. However, this pathway may be less effective due to nonspecific systemic toxicity caused by chemotherapeutic agents and inefficient dsDNA accumulation. This study aimed to develop an ultrasound (US)-triggered carrier-free nanoprodrug PBSN38-curcumin (PBSN38-CUR), incorporating the sonosensitizer curcumin (CUR) and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive prodrug pinacol boronic ester-conjugated 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (PBSN38).

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Astragalus membranaceus sprouts and their unique constituents regulate reactive oxygen species production, inflammation-related senescence-associated secretory phenotype components, and extracellular matrix in fibroblasts. reports: Aging involves a gradual decline in physiological functions and increased susceptibility to damage and disease. Suppressing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and inflammatory responses is critical for delaying age-related cellular decline. Astragalus membranaceus is one of the important health functional foods worldwide due to its health benefits, including antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties.

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Philippine marine macroalgae as sources of bioactive natural products and macronutrients for food applications. reports: The coastal waters of the Philippine archipelago harbor a remarkable diversity of macroalgae (seaweeds), representing a valuable yet underexplored resource for food, medicine, and biotechnological applications. Several species are traditionally consumed as fresh salads in the Philippines, offering dietary benefits such as essential minerals, macronutrients, and antioxidants. At the same time, some macroalgae produce bioactive natural products that may serve as pharmaceutical leads, though in certain cases, these compounds could pose toxicological risks to consumers.

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Co-administered internalizing RGD peptide boosts anti-PD-L1 therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma. reports: Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has significantly improved the treatment of solid tumors such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, most patients fail to respond. Here, we examined whether co-administration of the tumor-penetrating internalizing (i)RGD peptide, which selectively increases tumor vascular permeability in a neuropilin-1-dependent manner, enhances intratumoral delivery and therapeutic efficacy of αPD-L1 in mouse models of HCC. αPD-L1, with or without iRGD, was administered intravenously to mice bearing endogenous HCCs (TGFα/c-myc and diethylnitrosamine [DEN]/carbon tetrachloride [CCl 4 ] models).

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Detection of a Rare Intra-ALK Inversion and ALK Rearrangement in a Lung Adenocarcinoma Patient by FoundationOne Liquid CDx and Successful Treatment with Alectinib: Case Report. reports: A 50-year-old woman with stage IVB lung adenocarcinoma tested negative for driver mutations using the Oncomine Dx Target Test Multi-CDx system (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA). After undergoing chemotherapy and immunotherapy, FoundationOne Liquid CDx (Foundation Medicine, Inc., Cambridge, MA) identified a rare EML4 - ALK gene rearrangement. Treatment with alectinib led to rapid clinical improvement and sustained disease control for more than 7 months.

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Early Recognition of Immune-Related Hepatitis During Avelumab Maintenance Therapy for Urothelial Carcinoma. reports: Avelumab is recommended as maintenance therapy for advanced urothelial carcinoma after platinum chemotherapy; however, immune-related adverse events can be severe and refractory. A 79-year-old male developed immune-related hepatitis during avelumab maintenance therapy following gemcitabine plus carboplatin for metastatic recurrent urothelial carcinoma. Despite discontinuation of avelumab and treatment with high-dose corticosteroids, mycophenolate mofetil, and plasma exchange, liver failure progressed, leading to death on day 106.

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Evolving paradigms in the management of basal cell carcinoma. reports: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) remains the most common malignancy worldwide. While the majority of tumors are curable with surgery, a subset of locally advanced or metastatic cases requires systemic therapy. Over the last few years, a surge of translational and clinical advances has reshaped management, from Hedgehog pathway inhibition to immune checkpoint blockade and perioperative integration.

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Global priorities for advancing cancer survivorship. reports: Cancer survivorship is increasingly recognized as an important component of cancer care, yet access to high-quality care remains inconsistent globally. This review highlights priorities for advancing survivorship care worldwide, focusing on equity of access, outcomes for vulnerable populations, multidisciplinary models, technology-enabled interventions, and global collaboration. Survivorship needs differ across tumor streams and cancer sub-populations, especially older adults, adolescent, and people with advanced or metastatic cancers who face unique physical, psychosocial, and other practical challenges.

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Interdisciplinary therapy of extremity soft tissue sarcomas: current evidence on systemic treatments and the role of reconstructive surgery. reports: Soft tissue sarcomas are rare and heterogenous tumors, that often pose diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Guideline-compliant therapy includes surgical resection with negative margins, supplementary radiotherapy and, if necessary, accompanied by systemic therapy. Diagnostic and therapeutic approaches should be discussed and planned in an interdisciplinary oncological conference.

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Orthoplastic surgery for interdisciplinary extremity reconstruction. reports: Combined bone and soft tissue injuries and defects pose a challenge for the interdisciplinary orthoplastic surgical team. These conditions are not only encountered in young, healthy patients, but, due to various causes ranging from trauma over chronic osteomyelitis to tumor resection, also in patients with pre-existing vascular disease and even many years after the initial trauma. An efficient interdisciplinary treatment approach by orthopedic/trauma surgeons and plastic surgeons, and if necessary, vascular surgeons, who develop a joint strategy as early as possible is crucial for optimal functional restoration of form and function.

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Skin cancer screening in solid organ transplant recipients: development of the SUNTRAC tool. reports: To summarize the development, validation, and current clinical use of the Skin and Ultraviolet Neoplasia Risk Assessment Calculator (SUNTRAC) tool. We also discuss key gaps, including the need for greater personalization, incorporation of additional risk factors, and clearer clinical protocols to support its integration into routine care. Skin cancer remains the most frequent malignancy in solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs), driven by long-term immunosuppression and other patient-specific risk factors.

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A multicenter multimodel habitat radiomics model for predicting immunotherapy response in advanced NSCLC. reports: A robust predictive biomarker is critical for identifying patients with NSCLC who may benefit from immunotherapy. This study developed a CT-based habitat model using 590 advanced NSCLC cases. The model was constructed in contrast-enhanced CT images and validated on an independent cohort with non-contrast CT.

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Cancer-associated fibroblasts as a critical driver in tumor metastasis: The mechanisms and future perspectives. reports: Tumor metastasis represents a lethal event for patients due to the lack of effective treatments. Compared with primary tumors, the components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) of metastatic tumors are different. Tumor cells alone are unable to metastasize.

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Proteomic profiling identifies prognostic signature for Krukenberg tumor of gastrointestinal origin. reports: Krukenberg tumor (KT) primarily originates from the stomach and colorectum, but reliable biomarkers for distinguishing KT from other tumors at the same sites and predicting ovarian metastasis remain lacking. Using pressure cycling technology (PCT) and data-independent acquisition (DIA) mass spectrometry, we analyzed 263 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples, identifying 10,837 proteins. The results revealed distinct proteomic signatures from the primary gastrointestinal lesions of KT.

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Advances in Fenton reaction-mediated ferroptosis for enhanced cancer therapy: mechanisms, amplification strategies, and synergistic approaches. reports: Ferroptosis, a regulated form of cell death driven by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, has emerged as a promising strategy for cancer therapy. The core of this process is the Fenton reaction, in which ferrous ions (Fe 2+ ) catalyze hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) into hydroxyl radicals (˙OH), triggering oxidative damage that preferentially destroys tumor cells with iron metabolism and redox dysregulation. Recent advances have transformed Fenton chemistry from a classical redox reaction into a precision therapeutic engine for amplifying ferroptosis in situ .

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Evaluating the Cost of Genomic Testing for Biomarker-Driven Therapies in Oncology. reports: Genomic profiling is used in the diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of malignancies. Comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) is a next-generation sequencing (NGS) approach that can test multiple genes simultaneously, potentially saving time, money, and sample material. Costs associated with genomic profiling could be a prohibitive barrier to the widespread implementation of genomic testing in routine clinical practice.

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Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for the Treatment of Periorbital Non-Melanoma Skin Cancers. reports: Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) of the periocular region present significant clinical challenges, with basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) being the most prevalent. The purpose of this study is to report on the outcomes of anti-programmed death (PD-1)/PD-L1 immunotherapy in patients with locally advanced periorbital NMSCs. We conducted a retrospective study of the patients treated for locally advanced periocular BCC and cutaneous SCC using anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy from January 2016 to January 2023.

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Not All That Produces Pigment Is Melanoma: Direct Epidermotropic Infiltration of Breast Carcinoma in a Woman With Melanin Incontinence Mimicking Pigmentary Disorders. reports: BackgroundLocal spread linked to breast carcinoma demonstrates a diverse spectrum of clinical presentations, including zosteriform, telangiectatic, and erysipeloid lesions. Pigmented epidermotropic infiltration resulting from breast carcinoma is seldom observed, occasionally posing diagnostic challenges owing to its resemblance to various other pigmentary disorders, such as malignant melanoma and other melanocytic lesions.Patient PresentationA 47-year-old woman presented with complaints of a hyperpigmented, crusted lesion involving the nipple-areolar region of the left breast, which on histopathology revealed an invasive tumor involving the dermis, composed of discohesive cells arranged in single files and linear cords, extending directly into the overlying epidermis in a pagetoid pattern with extensive pigment incontinence. On employing a comprehensive panel of special stains and immunohistochemical markers, the presence of classic Paget cells was ruled out, and a final diagnosis of direct epidermotropic infiltration by underlying invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) of the breast was found.ConclusionEpidermotropic spread of ILC with associated pigment incontinence is a rare histopathological pattern that can closely mimic both pigmented mammary Paget disease and melanocytic disorders.

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Oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy after total neoadjuvant therapy for rectal cancer: Dose-response relationship and impact on quality of life. reports: Oxaliplatin-based regimens are increasingly used in total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) for locally advanced rectal cancer, frequently causing dose-limiting chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN), whose extent and impact on health-related quality of life (HrQoL) remain insufficiently characterized. The optimal duration and intensity of chemotherapy within TNT for tumor response and toxicity remain unclear. This retrospective multicenter study (DRKS00033000) assessed the dose-response relationship of CIPN with cumulative oxaliplatin dose (cOXAd) and its impact on HrQoL.

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Rare RET Variants in a Patient With MEN2A and Multiple Follicular-Derived Thyroid Tumors: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. reports: Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) syndromes are a group of rare autosomal dominant hereditary disorders that are classified into 5 distinct types. MEN2A, the most common type of MEN2, is associated with mutations and variants of RET , which are continually being updated. However, studies regarding RET mutations/variants related to MEN2A in the Chinese population are scarce, and patients involving MEN2A along with other differentiated thyroid tumors are rarer.

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Win statistics (win ratio, win odds, and net benefit): Noncollapsibility and standardization for randomized clinical trials. reports: The win ratio, along with its stratified variant known as the stratified win ratio, has been widely utilized in many disease areas for both design and analysis of clinical trials. It is applied most prominently in cardiovascular diseases, followed by respiratory disease, diabetes, oncology, neurology, and other areas. Additionally, the win odds, which incorporates ties in its calculation, has also garnered attention in both prospective and retrospective analyses, alongside their utilization in study design.

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Applying microfluidic technology to interpret the tumor immune microenvironment and cancer immunotherapy. reports: In the past decade, cancer immunotherapy has emerged as a transformative treatment modality for diverse malignancies. Although impressive clinical efficacy has been demonstrated in some cancer patients, most patients respond poorly to immunotherapies. The complicated architecture and cellular composition of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) have substantial roles in the clinical outcomes of immunotherapies.

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Bone health in patients with cancer: a SEOM-SEIOMM consensus review of risk factors, assessment strategies, and management approaches. reports: Anticancer therapies frequently compromise skeletal health and increase fracture risk. This narrative review synthesizes information and provides guidance on assessment, prevention, and management of therapy-related bone loss in adults with cancer. Major contributors to bone loss in this population include aromatase inhibitors, androgen deprivation therapy, systemic glucocorticoids, chemotherapy, and selected targeted or immune agents.

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Building a new arsenal: repurposed drugs and metronomic chemotherapy against medulloblastoma. reports: Medulloblastoma (MB) represents the most prevalent malignant pediatric brain tumor. Although survival has greatly improved, the tumor and its treatments have devastating long-term side effects that negatively impact quality of survival. Consequently, there is a critical need for innovative therapeutic strategies aimed at enhancing patient outcomes and mitigating treatment-related toxicities.

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Cultural and religious influences on parental knowledge of HPV infection and female vaccination in Egypt: a national cross-sectional study. reports: Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted infections worldwide, significantly contributing to cervical and other cancers. In Egypt, where cultural and religious norms shape health perceptions, HPV prevention, especially vaccination, remains a critical public health issue. This study investigates parental knowledge and attitudes towards HPV infection and vaccination in Egypt, focusing on the influence of cultural and religious beliefs.

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Distinct prognostic value of [ 18 F]FDG PET and [ 68 Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET in advanced hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. reports: This study aimed to evaluate the distinct prognostic value of [ 18 F]FDG and [ 68 Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET imaging in advanced hormone-sensitive prostate cancer, highlighting their complementary roles at both patient and lesion levels. This study retrospectively included 298 patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer who underwent baseline dual-tracer PET imaging. Quantitative PET parameters for both [ 18 F]FDG and [ 68 Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 were extracted.

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Exon 7 splicing of ERα predicts poor prognosis and increases phenotypic heterogeneity in luminal a subtype breast cancer. reports: ERαΔ7 is one of the most frequently observed splice variants of the ESR1 gene in breast cancer but its functions remain largely unknown. Here we report that ERαΔ7 predicted poor survival in luminal A type breast cancer from TCGA data. ERαΔ7 occurred more frequently in luminal type breast cancer, with expression inversely correlating with ESR1 expression.

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Expert consensus on the detection and clinical application of tumor mutational burden. reports: As an emerging biomarker, tumor mutational burden (TMB) has attracted increasing attention from clinicians in predicting the efficacy of tumor immunotherapy. Currently, TMB is detected primarily by whole-exome sequencing or targeted panel sequencing on high-throughput sequencing platforms. However, the lack of uniformity in detection methods, threshold settings, and reporting formats, as well as the significant differences in TMB values among different cancer types, have hindered the standardized application of this biomarker in clinical practice.

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Including patient and public contributors on clinical trial Independent Data Monitoring Committees (IDMCs). reports: Patient and public involvement (PPI) is well established in clinical trials and trial oversight groups in the UK. But public contributors are rarely involved in Independent Data Monitoring Committees (IDMCs), meaning there is little or no evidence for how to include the public in these complex meetings or the impact PPI may have. As a Cancer Research UK core-funded clinical trials unit, the Southampton Clinical Trials Unit (SCTU) coordinates numerous phase II and III cancer drug trials with IDMCs.

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Nanoheterojunction-Based Self-Powered Biosensor Integrated with Smartphones for Early Cancer Detection. reports: Early diagnosis of cancer is critical for improving patient survival rates. As biomarkers closely associated with tumorigenesis, microRNAs (miRNAs) remain challenging to detect with sufficient sensitivity, simplicity, and portability. This study presents a self-powered, dual-readout electrothermal biosensing chip that integrates an enzyme-free catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) amplification strategy with hierarchical SnO 2 @MoS 2 hollow spheres for highly sensitive and specific detection of microRNA-126 (miRNA-126).

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Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in unresectable or metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression. reports: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a widely studied variable to investigate the systemic inflammation-related prognostic effect, and in some clinical setting has been able to predict the activity of immunotherapy. Many studies confirmed a negative relationship of pre-treatment high NLR and the outcome of patients with esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC), but poor data are available for patients with unresectable or metastatic ESCC (mESCC). The study aims to perform a trial-level analysis of the relationship of NLR with overall survival (OS) among mESCC patients receiving an upfront systemic treatment.

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Time to achieve response and depth of maximal tumor response as potential surrogates for overall survival in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. reports: Objective response rate (ORR) is a common early endpoint in NSCLC trials, but its ability to predict overall survival (OS) is limited, especially for immunotherapy and targeted treatments. Alternative metrics like time to and depth of response are under evaluation as surrogate endpoints. We analyzed pooled data from two randomized trials (OAK, POPLAR) comparing atezolizumab to docetaxel.

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Design, Synthesis, and Structure-Activity Relationship Studies of 7 H ‑Pyrrolo[2,3‑ d ]pyrimidine Derivatives as Potent Casein Kinase 1α (CK1α) Inhibitors. reports: Casein kinase 1α (CK1α) is a serine/threonine kinase that plays a pivotal role in regulating p53 and other critical signaling pathways and is intimately involved in tumor initiation and progression. Inhibition of CK1α has been demonstrated to be a promising therapeutic strategy for certain types of cancers such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In this study, we designed and synthesized a series of novel CK1α inhibitors bearing a 7 H -pyrrolo-[2,3- d ]-pyrimidine scaffold.

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Discovery of Novel ERK5 Inhibitors for Pancreatic Cancer via a Virtual Screening Approach. reports: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) exhibits a dismal prognosis, with limited therapeutic options beyond first-line chemotherapy. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5) represents a compelling therapeutic target, particularly due to its compensatory role in sustaining proliferation and MYC stability following ERK1/2 inhibition in KRAS-mutant PDAC. To address the need for novel inhibitors, we implemented an integrated virtual screening workflow combining PSICHIC screening, KarmaDock, similarity analysis, molecular clustering, and manual selection.

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Multimodal Modulation of the IL-17 Axis: Integrating Small-Molecule Inhibition, PEGylation, and Targeted Nanoparticle Immunotherapy. reports: Recent patent disclosures reveal convergent strategies to modulate IL-17-driven pathology through complementary chemical and delivery modalities. Acidic small-molecule inhibitors, PEGylated derivatives, and antibody-functionalized lipid nanoparticles collectively address potency, exposure, and immune context. Together, these approaches outline an integrated framework for treating inflammatory diseases and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments.

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Colchicine-cinnamic acid hybrids with potent anticancer activities: synthesis, in vitro , and in vivo biological evaluations. reports: Cancer represents a critical global health burden, with the clinical application of many chemotherapeutic agents constrained by limited efficacy and significant toxicity. Colchicine, a tubulin-targeting agent, exhibits potent anticancer activity but has a narrow therapeutic window. Conversely, natural cinnamic acid and its derivatives are safe but lack strong antitumor potency and specific targets.

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Developing an automatic decision-assistance tool to choose proton/photon radiotherapy for patients with prostate cancer. reports: It is important to guide staff in choosing appropriately between photon and proton radiotherapy. This study develops an automatic decision method to select the most clinically beneficial radiotherapy technique (proton or photon) for patients with prostate cancer. An automatic decision method was developed to help staff in choosing appropriately between photon and proton radiotherapy for patients with prostate cancer.

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Effects of narrative-based interventions on self-efficacy and self-management in chronic disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. reports: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the impact of narrative interventions on self-efficacy and self-management behaviors in patients with chronic diseases. We systematically searched EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PsycINFO, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and PubMed from conception to 2025, supplemented by manual searches of reference lists. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effects of narrative interventions on self-efficacy or self-management in adults with chronic diseases were included.

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Evaluation of the InTempo path set for CyberKnife prostate and lung SBRT: A single-institution experience. reports: The InTempo adaptive imaging system is an important component of the Accuray CyberKnife System, designed to enhance the system's ability to track and correct tumor motion during treatment. However, a limitation of this feature is the reduction of available nodes for treatment planning. The impact of a reduced number of nodes on the quality of InTempo-based treatment plans has not previously been evaluated.

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High-Dose Continuous Infusion Ifosfamide as Effective Palliation in a Patient With Relapsed Ewing Sarcoma With Bone Marrow Infiltration and Severe Thrombocytopenia: A Case Report. reports: Ewing sarcoma is a rare primary mesenchymal tumor of the bone that requires an intensive multimodal therapeutic approach. Multidrug chemotherapy regimens are also the backbone for relapsing/recurring Ewing sarcoma treatment, yet when the disease relapses as bone marrow infiltration, combination chemotherapy might be difficult to administer and prognosis is poor. This report describes the case of a 22-year-old patient with Ewing sarcoma who developed severe pancytopenia due to bone marrow infiltration, and who was treated with high-dose continuous infusion ifosfamide, obtaining both clinical, radiological, and hematological response lasting for about 7 months.

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Metastatic high-grade undifferentiated ovarian carcinoma: A case report from Sub-Saharan Africa. reports: Undifferentiated ovarian carcinoma (UDOC) is an exceptionally rare and highly aggressive subtype of epithelial ovarian cancer, accounting for less than 1% of cases and infrequently reported in the literature, particularly in resource-limited settings. To our knowledge, this represents the first reported case of metastatic UDOC from Sub-Saharan Africa. We report a case of high-grade UDOC in a 63-year-old postmenopausal woman presenting to a tertiary referral center in Northern Tanzania with a one-year history of progressive abdominal pain, distension, early satiety, and weight loss.

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Primary synovial sarcoma of the pericardium diagnosed after multiple biopsies following recurrent episodes of haemorrhagic pericardial effusion following infection: a case report. reports: Primary malignant pericardial tumours are extremely rare, and synovial sarcoma arising from the pericardium is an exceptionally uncommon entity with poor survival. Diagnosis is often delayed because initial pericardial biopsies can be non-diagnostic, and distinguishing between inflammatory disease and malignancy may be challenging. An 11-year-old boy developed recurrent fever and chest pain 15 days after Coronavirus disease 2019 infection.

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RapidArc Dynamic (RAD) multi-mechanical axis optimization achieves enhanced OAR sparing in cervical cancer: A dosimetric comparison study. reports: To overcome limitations of conventional VMAT for cervical cancer, specifically restricted OAR sparing due to static collimators and delivery constraints inherent to dynamic modulation, we systematically evaluate RapidArc Dynamic (RAD) technology. This first comprehensive assessment focuses on RAD's multi-axis coordination for optimized pelvic radiotherapy planning. Twenty cervical cancer patients treated with TrueBeam whose energy was 6MV X-ray were retrospectively analyzed.

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The effect of two remote exercise programs on cardiorespiratory fitness, cardiac function, and vascular health in patients with breast cancer. reports: Breast cancer is a common, survivable malignancy affecting women. With improved survival, the off-target effects of chemotherapy, such as a decline in cardiorespiratory fitness and worse cardiovascular outcomes, have been recognized. Exercise training may help mitigate these effects.

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The Impact of Time Interval to Surgery After Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy on Oncological Outcomes: A Long-Term Follow-Up Study on Rectal Cancer Patients. reports: Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) has been shown to improve prognosis in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). However, there is still debate regarding the optimal time of surgery following nCRT. This exploratory study aimed to investigate whether there is a difference in oncological outcomes between patients with LARC who undergo surgery within 6 weeks of nCRT and those who wait longer than 6 weeks.

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The uncoordinated-5 homologue A is a key receptor in netrin-ligand-mediated fast-twitch myotube formation in male mice. reports: Myoblasts autonomously govern myofiber-type specification of newly formed myotubes through autocrine-paracrine-dependent manners mediated by multipotent modulators. Netrin-1, which is particularly produced in myoblasts isolated from the extensor digitorum longus (EDL; fast-twitch myofiber-abundant) rather than the soleus (slow-twitch myofiber-abundant), and netrin-4, which is abundantly expressed during myogenic differentiation initiation, stimulate the synthesis of fast-type myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoforms. However, the mechanisms by which netrin-1 and netrin-4 promote fast-twitch myotube formation remain unclear.

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Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with immunotherapy and anti-angiogenic agents in intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (CHANCE2202): a target trial emulation study. reports: This study aimed to assess the clinical outcomes of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) plus vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors or tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) (combination therapy) versus TACE monotherapy as a first-line treatment for intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This nationwide, retrospective cohort study employed a target trial emulation framework with a cloning-censoring-weighting approach. Patients with intermediate-stage HCC receiving either combination therapy or TACE monotherapy between January 2018 and December 2022 in China were included.

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Paraneoplastic Pemphigus and Liver Biopsy Needle Track Dissemination in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Case Report. reports: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common and aggressive liver cancer, typically arising in cirrhotic livers but can also occur in the absence of cirrhosis. Paraneoplastic pemphigus (PNP) is a rare autoimmune blistering disorder mostly linked to hematologic malignancies; its association with HCC is extremely uncommon and poses significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges, particularly due to the need for immunosuppression in PNP management, which may limit systemic cancer therapies. We report an 80-year-old male with no prior liver disease presenting with painful oral erosions, weight loss, and hepatomegaly.

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Deriving genetic codes for molecular phenotypes from first principles reports: The genetic code is a formal principle that determines which proteins an organism can produce from only its genome sequence, without mechanistic modeling. Whether similar formal principles govern the relationship between genome sequence and phenotype across scales - from molecules to cells to tissues - is unknown. Here, we show that a single formal principle - structural correspondence -- underlies the relationship between phenotype and genome sequence across scales. This is a preprint and not peer reviewed.

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A Decade of Oncolytic Virotherapy in Pediatric Cancers: A Systematic Review of Safety, Immune Awakening, and Emerging Efficacy. reports: Oncolytic virotherapy employs genetically modified viruses to selectively lyse tumor cells while activating antitumor immune responses. In pediatric oncology, where outcomes for high-grade gliomas and refractory solid tumors remain poor, oncolytic viruses represent a promising therapeutic strategy. A systematic review was conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines, including searches of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov for studies published between 2015 and 2025 that evaluated oncolytic virotherapy in patients aged 18 years or younger.

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A Mandibular Metastasis as the Initial Presentation of Hepatoid Adenocarcinoma of the Lung: A Case Report. reports: Hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the lung is a rare primary pulmonary malignancy that exhibits morphological traits resembling those seen in hepatocellular carcinoma and is associated with high alpha-fetoprotein expression. It follows a very aggressive course and is often diagnosed in advanced oncologic stages. We present our experience with this malignancy and report on a case with mandibular metastasis, an uncommon metastatic site.

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A Voice Conversion System from Electrolarynx Speech to Preoperative Patient's Speech for Total Laryngectomy. reports: Laryngectomy is a life-changing procedure typically performed as a surgical treatment for patients with head and neck cancer. Voice conversion (VC) is a technology that converts one voice into another without changing the linguistic information. Recently, "Save the Voice Project" for patients planning to undergo laryngectomy using our VC technique has been initiated.

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Acute Portal Vein Thrombosis Associated With Anastrozole Therapy: A Report of a Rare Case. reports: Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition that most often occurs in the setting of liver disease, malignancy, local inflammation, certain medications, or hypercoagulable disorders. We report a rare case of acute PVT in a 71-year-old woman with a history of breast cancer in remission who was receiving adjuvant anastrozole therapy and presented with abdominal pain. CT revealed extensive thrombosis involving the portal vein and superior mesenteric vein.

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Advanced diffusion MRI tractography for radiotherapy planning in pediatric brain tumors: A feasibility study. reports: Cranial radiotherapy for pediatric brain tumors can damage white matter tracts (WMTs), adversely impacting brain development. This study evaluated the feasibility of integrating advanced diffusion MRI (dMRI) tractography-derived WMTs into radiotherapy planning for pediatric supratentorial high-grade tumors. The study retrospectively recruited eight patients (aged 8-16 years) who had undergone surgery and curative-intent radiotherapy from January 2012 to June 2022.

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Alleged Misinterpretation of PET-CT in Esophageal Carcinoma Staging: A Medico-Legal Case Report. reports: Diagnostic imaging is pivotal in the staging of esophageal carcinoma, yet interpretation of metabolic findings can be challenging because positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is highly sensitive but may lack specificity, sometimes limiting differentiation between primary and metastatic lesions without histopathological correlation. We report a medico-legal case involving an alleged misdiagnosis in which a metastatic lymph node was perceived as a synchronous pancreatic malignancy, purportedly delaying treatment. A 65-year-old female presented with upper abdominal discomfort and was diagnosed with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma via endoscopy.

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Assessment of combined efficacy of Drakshaguduchyadi gargling and Khadiradi Vati lozenges in curative-intent radiotherapy-induced xerostomia in head-and-neck cancer. reports: Xerostomia is a common adverse effect of radiotherapy for head-and-neck cancers, leading to significant impairment of oral health and overall quality of life. Evidence-based guidelines for managing radiation-induced xerostomia remain limited, and the majority of available options provide only temporary symptomatic relief. In Ayurveda, this condition is described under mukharoga (oral diseases).

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Bronchial sleeve anastomosis in children: a single-center experience demonstrating safety and efficacy. reports: To evaluate the technical feasibility, safety, and clinical outcomes of bronchial sleeve anastomosis in a pediatric case series encompassing two main etiologies (trauma and tumor). A retrospective analysis was conducted on 8 pediatric patients who underwent bronchial sleeve resection at our center between May 2018 and May 2025. Preoperative diagnosis was confirmed by computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and bronchoscopy.

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Case Report: A rare case of external iliac artery rupture and sigmoid fistula following multimodal treatment for cervical cancer. reports: We report a 58-year-old woman with cervical squamous cell carcinoma who developed an early-onset left external iliac artery rupture followed by a sigmoid fistula after multimodal treatment. Notably, key baseline tumor parameters-including maximal tumor diameter and stromal invasion depth-were not documented preoperatively because PET-CT was not performed and the original MRI/CT datasets from the outside hospital were unavailable. This incomplete staging likely contributed to underestimation of disease extent and to selection of a non-guideline-concordant primary radical hysterectomy, although postoperative pathology ultimately confirmed FIGO 2018 stage IIIC2 disease with extensive nodal metastases.

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Case Report: Chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiotherapy achieve complete response for metastatic ureteral urothelial carcinoma with significant squamous differentiation. reports: The majority of tumors in the upper urinary tract are classified as urothelial carcinomas, with only 15% exhibiting different levels of squamous differentiation, known as the squamous subtype. These tumors tend to be more aggressive and are associated with a worse prognosis compared to standard urothelial carcinomas. A 60-year-old man was found to have cancer in his left ureter and subsequently underwent a robot-assisted laparoscopic procedure to partially remove the left ureter and perform a ureterovesical anastomosis.

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Clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients infected with Shewanella species at a tertiary hospital in Hefei City, China: a retrospective analysis. reports: Shewanella species ( Shewanella spp.) were emerging and rare pathogens. Very few studies had focused on Shewanella spp. infection due to its low incidence.

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Deer antler stem cell-derived exosomes: a regenerative medicine powerhouse from nature's own repair kit. reports: Exosomes are essential mediators of intercellular communication and, as such, have attracted considerable interest in regenerative medicine. Aantler stem cells (ASCs) have become the central candidate in the field of the periodic regeneration of the deer antlers-the only mammalian organ that can entirely regenerate; they have been found to inherit regenerative characteristics of their parent cells, combined with a low immunogenicity. This is a systematic review of the research advancements on ASC-Exos, including the following main aspects: At the technical level, it describes the isolation techniques (ultracentrifugation, size exclusion chromatography, immunoaffinity capture) and their principles, advantages and disadvantages and their identification methods: TEM (cup-shaped/spherical morphology), DLS (size distribution), Western blot (markers: CD63, CD81, TSG101); In the functional and mechanistic levels, through cargos (proteins, mRNAs, let-7a/let-7b), ASC-Exos enhance fibroblast proliferation/migration (CCK-8, Transwell), osteogenic genes expression (Runx2, Osterix) to differentiate into osteoblasts as well as controlling macrophage polarization (reduce TNF-α, IL-6; enhance IL-10); At the translational application level, ASC-Exos have been shown to be effective in bone repair (rat femoral defect, micro-CT/histology), cartilage protection (alleviate osteoarthritis), wound healing (mouse full-thickness wounds, angiogenesis), pulmonary fibrosis (inhibit CCL7-mediated monocyte-macrophage recruitment), tumor immunotherapy (engineered M2Pep/poly (I: C) ASC-Exos + PD-L1 antibodies suppress tumor growth/metastasis), treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, anti-aging and intervention in age-related diseases and treatment of metabolic disorders.

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Effectiveness of physical therapy techniques for cancer-related pain: a systematic review. reports: Cancer-related pain is a frequent and disabling symptom that negatively affects function and quality of life. Physiotherapy interventions are increasingly used as adjuvant treatments to alleviate pain and improve functional recovery in oncology patients. To evaluate the scientific evidence on the effectiveness of physiotherapy interventions in reducing cancer-related pain and improving functional outcomes.

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Efficacy and safety of 3-month versus 6-month oxaliplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy in colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. reports: The optimal duration of oxaliplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy for stage II-III colorectal cancer (CRC) remains uncertain. Although a 3-month regimen may reduce toxicity, particularly peripheral sensory neuropathy (PSN), its effect on long-term survival is unclear. This study systematically compared the efficacy and safety of 3 versus 6 months of oxaliplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy in stage II-III CRC patients.

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Evaluating the Relationship Between Programmed Death Ligand-1 (Clone: 22C3), Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (D5F3), and C-ros Oncogene 1 (OT11A1) Expression in Lung Adenocarcinoma. reports: Objective This study investigates the relationship between programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), and c-ros oncogene 1 (ROS1) expression in lung adenocarcinoma (ADC). Methods Sixty-two cases were analyzed for ALK, ROS1, and PD-L1 expression using immunohistochemistry. Statistical evaluations were performed using chi-square and Fisher's exact tests.

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Evaluation of trimetazidine in alleviating paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy in breast cancer patients: a randomized controlled trial. reports: Paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy is a frequent chemotherapy complication that causes nerve damage and profoundly reduces patients' quality of life. Despite extensive preclinical evidence supporting the neuroprotective potential of trimetazidine against peripheral neuropathy, its clinical efficacy remains unexplored. This proof-of-concept randomized controlled trial aimed to investigate the effect of trimetazidine administered during the early phase of treatment on the incidence of paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy in patients with non-metastatic breast cancer.

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Macrophage-Mediated Cellular Communication Networks in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Adenocarcinoma Revealed by Single-Cell Sequencing. reports: Lung cancer, particularly the non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) subtypes lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), exhibits high heterogeneity and high mortality. This study aimed to explore their tumor microenvironment (TME) features, cellular interactions, and potential therapeutic targets. Using scRNA-seq datasets (GSE200972, GSE117570, and GSE127465) and TCGA bulk RNA-seq data, we performed cell clustering, pseudotime trajectory, cell-cell communication, and survival analyses.

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Multimodal management of hormonal and oncological progression in PTHrP-secreting pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours. reports: Parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP)-secreting pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (Pan-NETs) are a rare cause of humoural hypercalcaemia of malignancy (HCM). We report two contrasting cases of metastatic well-differentiated PTHrP-secreting Pan-NETs (WHO grade 2; Ki-67: 7 and 8%, respectively), highlighting the variability in disease progression, response to multiple treatment modalities, and long-term outcomes. The first patient, a 55-year-old woman with mild hypercalcaemia who was largely asymptomatic except for a persistent dry cough at presentation, achieved stable disease control following eight years of treatment with somatostatin analogues (SSAs), peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT), and chemotherapy.

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Primary mucinous adenocarcinoma of the urethra: a diagnostic conundrum - two case reports and literature review. reports: Primary mucinous adenocarcinoma (PMAC) of the urethra is an exceptionally rare subtype of primary urethral carcinoma, with limited published data to guide diagnosis or treatment. Most literature consists of isolated case reports, and the non-specific presentation often delays diagnosis. This report presents two further cases and a review of the literature with a view to expand current understanding.

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Procalcitonin as a potential tumor marker for fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma: Insights from three patients and a literature review. reports: Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma (fHCC) was diagnosed through magnetic resonance imaging in three young patients (with biopsies confirming the diagnosis in two of them prior to referral) aged 17, 22, and 24&#x202f;years. All had normal or near-normal standard biochemistry results, except for increased levels of procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in the absence of any infectious source: PCT: 41, 5.8, and 1.2&#x202f;ng/mL, respectively (normal range&#x202f;<&#x202f;0.05&#x202f;ng/mL) and CRP: 127, 21, and 14&#x202f;mg/L, respectively (normal range: 0-5&#x202f;mg/L). Right hepatectomy with negative surgical margins resulted in the eventual normalization of CRP levels in all patients, and PCT levels normalized in the latter two patients.

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Protective effect of a novel hydrogel loaded with CM-UCMSCs on vitrified-thawed ovaries during in vitro culture. reports: Ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation (OTCT) is an important fertility preservation method for female cancer patients; however, its efficacy is limited by post-transplantation ischemia-reperfusion injury, leading to oxidative stress, apoptosis, and fibrosis that impair ovarian reserve and graft function. Mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium shows therapeutic potential through paracrine actions, but clinical use is restricted by relatively limited antioxidant capacity and delivery challenges. To address this, an antioxidant-enriched hydrogel (PG-gel) was developed from N-acetylcysteine-modified gelatin and poly (ethylene glycol) succinimidyl succinate, loaded with conditioned medium from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (CM-UCMSCs).

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Resection combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in the treatment of spontaneously ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma: a multicenter retrospective study. reports: Spontaneous tumor rupture is a unique and life-threatening presentation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The optimal postoperative management of patients with spontaneously ruptured HCC (srHCC) remains controversial. Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) has been proposed to reduce peritoneal dissemination, but its clinical benefit in srHCC is uncertain.

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ROS1 -positive non-small cell lung cancer: from genomics to treatment decisions. reports: ROS1 rearrangements define a distinct, targetable subset of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), representing ~2% of non-squamous cases and frequently presenting with metastatic disease and CNS involvement. Multiple ROS1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs)-from crizotinib to newer agents such as entrectinib, lorlatinib, repotrectinib, taletrectinib, and the highly selective zidesamtinib-have improved systemic and intracranial outcomes, although resistance remains inevitable and biologically diverse, involving both on-target kinase mutations and off-target mechanisms. This review synthesizes current knowledge on ROS1 biology, diagnostic strategies, therapeutic options, and resistance mechanisms.

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Secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis following blood transfusion in the absence of an identifiable trigger. reports: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis is a life-threatening inflammatory syndrome resulting from uncontrolled immune activation. Secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis is typically triggered by infection, malignancy, or autoimmune disease, though diagnosis is often difficult due to nonspecific findings. We present the case of a 55-year-old man with pancytopenia and fever following a blood transfusion.

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Soluble immune checkpoint proteins as predictive biomarkers for lymph node metastases in penile cancer. reports: Penile cancer (PeCa) is a rare but aggressive disease where lymph node metastases (LNM) represent the most significant prognostic factor. Accurate identification of LNM remains a clinical priority, but traditional imaging and clinical parameters often fail to detect occult LNM. Soluble immune checkpoint proteins (sICs) have recently emerged as potential non-invasive biomarkers in various malignancies, although unexplored in PeCa.

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Spontaneous rupture of hepatic metastasis as the initial presentation of gastric hepatoid adenocarcinoma: a rare case report and literature review. reports: Hepatoid adenocarcinoma (HAC) is an extremely rare and highly malignant tumor with histological features resembling hepatocellular carcinoma but originating from extrahepatic organs, most commonly in the stomach, known as gastric hepatoid adenocarcinoma (GHA). Spontaneous rupture of hepatic metastasis as the initial presentation of GHA is even rarer, posing significant challenges for clinical diagnosis and management. We present a case of a 74-year-old male admitted to the hospital for right upper abdomen pain.

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Systemic sclerosis-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension and pulmonary fibrosis: exploring biomarker discriminators with advanced omics in a Caucasian cohort. reports: Systemic sclerosis (Scleroderma; SSc) is associated with high morbidity and mortality, particularly in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (SSc-PAH) and pulmonary fibrosis (SSc-PF). Effective risk stratification and treatment of SSc remains a significant challenge. This proof-of-concept study aimed to identify potential biomarkers capable of distinguishing between three SSc patient groups, defined by no pulmonary involvement (SSc-NLD; n=30), SSc-PAH (n=30), SSc-PF (n=30) compared to healthy controls (HC; n=30).

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Targeting the gut-pancreatic axis: microbial modulation of immunotherapy in pancreatic cancer. reports: With advances in microbial sequencing technology, the role of microorganisms in cancer development and treatment has been increasingly explored. The gut microbiota, as a key shaper of both innate and adaptive immunity, is believed to migrate from the gut and colonize the pancreas, thereby influencing the tumor microenvironment(TME) of pancreatic cancer. Pancreatic cancer exhibits treatment resistance due to its immunosuppressive TME and high interstitial density.

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The dysregulation of the immune microenvironment during endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia serves as a marker of endometrial carcinogenesis. reports: The development of endometrial cancer is a gradual malignant transformation process driven by multiple factors, and the immune microenvironment is closely related to clinical outcomes and immunotherapy responses. Under physiological conditions, the immune microenvironment of the normal endometrium undergoes periodic reshaping under the regulation of estrogen and progesterone, maintaining the balance between immune defense and reproductive capacity. However, continuous exposure to risk factors, such as non-antagonistic estrogen, may trigger endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia.

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Thyroid Cancer in Solid-Organ Transplant Recipients. reports: One of the best treatment methods for end-stage organ failure is solid-organ transplant. Experiences gained in the postoperative treatment and follow-up of transplant recipients continue to guide the morbidity and mortality rates of patients. Evaluations regarding the increased risk of thyroid cancer after solid-organ transplant are still controversial.

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Warburg effect in B-cell lymphoma: A case report and proposed management plan. reports: The Warburg effect is a rare but often fatal condition in patients with malignancies. This phenomenon, known as type B lactic acidosis, is defined by lactatemia without tissue hypoxia or hypoperfusion, in contrast to type A lactic acidosis, which usually results from either or both. A male patient in his seventies with a newly diagnosed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is admitted to the intensive care unit due to severe metabolic derangements with hypoglycemia and lactatemia.

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Dual contributions of Xrp1 to genome integrity through the DNA damage response and cell competition reports: Model organisms may help understand how p53 suppresses tumorigenesis in mammals. In Drosophila, the primary transcriptional target of p53 is the gene encoding the bZip AT-hook protein Xrp1, which is another transcription factor. We report that Xrp1 mediated multiple functions of p53 in the DNA damage response (DDR), contributing to p53-dependent gene transcription and DNA damage-induced apoptosis. This is a preprint and not peer reviewed.

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Ddx3x regulates B-cell development and immunoglobulin rearrangement in mice reports: The X chromosome gene, DDX3X, is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase with roles in transcription, splicing, nuclear export, and translation. Loss of function mutations in DDX3X are linked to a variety of neoplasms, including B-cell lymphoma. We find that conditional homozygous deletion (Mb1-Cre) of Ddx3x in developing mouse B cells in female mice results in a complete absence of mature peripheral B cells associated with an absolute block at the pro-B cell stage of development in the bone marrow. This is a preprint and not peer reviewed.

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Innate-adaptive IFN cross-talk reprograms myeloid and T cells for antitumor immunity with a second-generation recombinant MVA reports: Resistance to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) remains a major obstacle in cancer immunotherapy. We rationally engineered a second-generation recombinant Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara (MQ833) by deleting viral immune-evasion genes (E3L, E5R, WR199) and incorporating Flt3L, OX40L, and matrix-anchored IL12. Intratumoral MQ833 elicited robust tumor regressions across multiple models, including ICB-resistant and MHC-I-deficient tumors. This is a preprint and not peer reviewed.

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Current diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer. reports: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a tumor characterized by a very poor prognosis and increasing global incidence. Environmental factors have been identified among the various causes of pancreatic cancer, while about 10-15% of presenting patients show a genetic predisposition towards the disease. This paper presents the current insight into the etiology and pathogenesis of cancer, as well as the principles of diagnosis and treatment of the disease.

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Atlas-Guided Discovery of Transcription Factors for T Cell Programming reports: CD8+ T cells differentiate into diverse states that shape immune outcomes in cancer and chronic infection1-4. To systematically define the transcription factors (TFs) driving these states, we built a comprehensive atlas integrating transcriptional and epigenetic data across nine CD8+ T cell states and inferred TF activity profiles. Our analysis catalogued TF activity fingerprints, uncovering regulatory mechanisms governing selective cell state differentiation. This is a preprint and not peer reviewed.

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The Association of CT-Assessed Sarcopenia and Nutritional Status with Postoperative Outcomes in Pediatric Surgical Oncology. reports: <b>Introduction:</b> Sarcopenia is traditionally associated with aging. However, it has been more frequently discussed in pediatric oncology. Yet, the research on sarcopenia and surgical outcomes in pediatric oncologic patients is quite limited.<b>Aim:</b> Our study aimed to assess the correlation between muscle mass and postoperative outcomes in this population.<b>Materials and methods:</b> We performed a retrospective data analysis of 39 pediatric oncologic patients aged 3 months to 16 years who underwent abdominal and/or pelvic surgery in our facility between 2017 and 2024.

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Circadian regulation of Homologous Recombination by Cryptochrome1-mediated dampening of DNA end resection reports: Genomic stability maintenance requires the repair of DNA breaks in the most accurate fashion. So, an exquisite regulatory network controls the choice between different repair mechanisms to maximize genome integrity. This relies mostly at the level of DNA end resection, the initial steps of the homologous recombination. This is a preprint and not peer reviewed.

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Differential migration mechanics and immune responses of glioblastoma subtypes reports: Glioblastoma remains a deadly cancer driven in part by invasion of tumor cells into the brain. Transcriptomic analyses have identified distinct molecular subtypes, but mechanistic differences that account for clinical differences are not clear. Here, we show that, as predicted by the motor-clutch model of cell migration, mesenchymal glioma cells are more spread, generate larger traction forces, and migrate faster in brain tissue compared to proneural cells. This is a preprint and not peer reviewed.

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Development of circulating cell-free DNA reduced representation bisulfite sequencing for clinical methylomics diagnostics reports: Methylation profiling of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is of great interest as a liquid biopsy assay for the detection and monitoring of cancer and other pathologies. Here we describe circulating cell-free DNA reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (cf-RRBS), enabling the use of highly effective RRBS on fragmented plasma cfDNA. This method enriches the CpG-rich RRBS target regions by enzymatic degradation of all off-target DNA rather than by targeted capture, in contrast to previous methods. This is a preprint and not peer reviewed.

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Engineered 3D environments reprogram fibroblast-mediated inflammation in rheumatoid Arthritis. reports: Inflammation is essential for fighting infections and initiating tissue repair, but chronic unresolved inflammation underlies many conditions, like cancer and autoimmune disorders. While dysregulated immune responses drive chronic inflammation, non-immune stromal cells such as fibroblasts also play a critical role. Targeting fibroblasts could enable tissue-specific therapies while avoiding the systemic suppression caused by current drugs. This is a preprint and not peer reviewed.

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Loss of long-range co-expression is a common feature in cancer reports: Cancer cells display common features and enabling characteristics collectively known as the Hallmarks of Cancer, which occur alongside alterations in the regulatory mechanisms controlling gene transcription. Gene co-expression networks (GCNs) provide a framework to identify correlated gene sets that may share these regulatory mechanisms. Previously, we reported the loss of long-range co-expression in breast, lung, kidney, and hematopoietic cancer GCNs. This is a preprint and not peer reviewed.

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Organizational principles governing assembly and activation of the meiosis-specific Red1-Hop1-Mek1 complex reports: In mitosis, sister chromatids are preferred repair templates for homologous recombination, whereas in meiosis interhomolog-based repair is promoted. How this switch, which is a defining event in sexual reproduction, is accomplished remains poorly understood. In budding yeast, a meiosis-specific complex consisting of Red1, Hop1 and Mek1 (RHMc) enforces meiotic interhomolog bias, potentially through inhibition of intersister-based repair. This is a preprint and not peer reviewed.

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Yeast with elevated chromosome numbers are addicted to high levels of Mps1 reports: Tumor cell lines with elevated chromosome numbers frequently exhibit elevated expression of Mps1. These tumors are also dependent on high Mps1 activity for their survival. Mps1 is a conserved kinase involved in controlling aspects of chromosome segregation in mitosis and meiosis. This is a preprint and not peer reviewed.

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Identifying the genetic basis and molecular mechanismsunderlying phenotypic correlation between complex humantraits using a gene-based approach reports: Phenotypic correlations between complex human traits have long been observed based on epidemiological studies. However, the genetic basis and underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Here we developed a gene-based approach to measure genetic overlap between a pair of traits and to delineate the shared genes/pathways, through three steps: 1) translating SNP-phenotype association profile to gene-phenotype association profile by integrating GWAS with eQTL data using a newly developed algorithm called Sherlock-II; 2) measuring the genetic overlap between a pair of traits by a normalized distance and the associated p value between the two gene-phenotype association profiles; 3) delineating genes/pathways involved. This is a preprint and not peer reviewed.

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Orofacial movements: Individuality and stereotypy when mice move a single whisker to touch reports: A key function of the brain is to move the body through a rich, complex environment. When rodents engage with their environment, they move their whiskers as they extract tactile information. Even though the study of whisking has a long history, the details of individual whisker movements bilaterally, of nose movement, of stereotypy and variability in an active whisking to touch task are unknown. This is a preprint and not peer reviewed.

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JNK MAPK Regulates IFN-Stimulated Genes and Cell Adhesion in Chemoresistant, Quiescent Leukemic Cells reports: Cancer cells survive environmental stresses including DNA damage-inducing chemotherapy by entering cellular quiescence (G0). In our previous study, to elucidate how G0 leukemic cells become resistant to chemotherapy, we profiled them at the transcriptome, translatome and proteome levels. We interrogated these datasets and find that IFN-stimulated genes are enhanced in our G0 models of leukemic cells induced by chemotherapy or serum-starvation. This is a preprint and not peer reviewed.

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Distinct tumor-immune ecologies in NSCLC patients predict progression and define a clinical biomarker of therapy response reports: We investigated multiplexed histological images from nine patients (both pre- and on-treatment) with immunotherapy-refractory Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) treated with an oral HDAC inhibitor (vorinostat) combined with a PD-1 inhibitor (pembrolizumab). Patient responses comprised of either stable disease (SD) or progressive disease (PD). We built an extensive multiplexed-image analysis pipeline involving both cell segmentation and quadrats, coupled with spatial statistics, machine learning, and deep learning to analyze the spatial and temporal features that predict disease progression and identify potential clinical biomarkers. This is a preprint and not peer reviewed.

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Gene Set Analysis for time-to-event outcome with the Generalized Berk-Jones statistic reports: Gene set analysis evaluates the collective impact of groups of genes on an outcome of interest, such as disease occurrence. By incorporating biological knowledge through predefined gene sets, this approach enhances the interpretability of results and improves statistical power compared to gene-wise analyses. In the context of time-to-event data, existing methods are limited and fail to account for potentially strong correlations within gene sets. This is a preprint and not peer reviewed.

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Genome-wide association study provides novel insight into the genetic architecture of severe obesity. reports: Severe obesity (SevO) is a primary driver of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), cardiometabolic diseases (CMD) and several cancers, with a disproportionate impact on marginalized populations. SevO is an understudied global health disease, limiting knowledge about its mechanisms and impacts. In genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analyses of the tail end of the BMI distribution ([&ge;]95th percentile BMI) and two SevO phenotypes [Obesity Class III BMI [&ge;]40 kg/m2 and Obesity Class IV BMI [&ge;]50 kg/m2] in 159,359 individuals across eleven ancestrally diverse population-based studies followed by replication in 480,897 individuals across six ancestrally diverse studies, we identified and replicated one novel signal in an unknown locus [BHLHE40-AS1] and three novel signals in known loci of BMI [TENM2, PLCL2, ZNF184], associated with SevO traits. This is a preprint and not peer reviewed.

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Physicians' Knowledge and Experiences of Counseling on Complementary, Alternative, and Integrative Medicine in Cancer Care: A Qualitative Systematic Review reports: BackgroundDespite the increasing use of complementary, alternative, and integrative medicine (CAIM) use among cancer patients, there remains ambiguity surrounding physicians understanding and counseling practices in this area. The objective of this qualitative systematic review was to identify the knowledge and experiences of physicians who counsel patients on CAIM in the context of cancer. MethodsMEDLINE, EMBASE, and AMED were systematically searched from inception to May 27, 2023. This is a preprint and not peer reviewed.

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Recurrent ERBB2 alterations are associated with esophageal adenocarcinoma brain metastases reports: Brain metastases in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) patients are associated with poor prognosis and remain understudied. We performed multi-omics analysis with whole-genome sequencing and single-cell spatial transcriptomics on the brain metastases and matched primary tumors. Our analysis identified ERBB2 as a recurrent oncogene in EAC brain metastases, with 9 out of 10 cases harboring amplifications. This is a preprint and not peer reviewed.

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24-hour Physical Activity, Sedentary, and Sleep Profiles in Individuals with Cancer: A UK Biobank Cohort Study reports: BackgroundThe 24h behaviour profile, including physical activity, sedentary time, and sleep, is disrupted following a cancer diagnosis and contributes to cancer-related outcomes. This study describes the 24h behaviour profiles of individuals with and without cancer. MethodsSeven days of accelerometer data from the UK Biobank (M{+/-}SDage = 62.3 {+/-} 7.8y; 56.4% female) were derived by machine learning models to assess the 24h behaviour profile in individuals with cancer (n = 10 152; M{+/-}SDyears since diagnosis = 7.4 {+/-} 6.1y) compared to individuals without cancer at their accelerometry measurement (including individuals with other conditions [n = 66 403], and healthy [n = 14 726]). This is a preprint and not peer reviewed.

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Breast cancer multigene germline panel testing in mainstream oncology based on clinical-public health utility (cancer mortality benefit): ESMO Precision Oncology Working Group recommendations reports: BackgroundWith widening therapeutic indications, germline genetic testing is offered to an increasing proportion of patients with breast cancer (BC) via mainstream oncology services. However, the gene set tested varies widely from just BRCA1/BRCA2 through to pan-cancer panels of near 100 genes. If a germline pathogenic variant (GPV) is detected, the BC proband and other family GPV-carriers may be offered interventions such as risk-reducing surgery and decades of intensive surveillance for the various cancers linked to that gene. This is a preprint and not peer reviewed.

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Clofazimine treatment modulates key non-coding RNAs associated with tumor progression and drug resistance in lethal Prostate Cancer reports: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second-leading cause of cancer death among men in the United States, representing 24.3% of all new cancer cases in the US. Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is a clinically advanced form of PCa that is associated with increased aggressiveness, cancer stemness, morbidity, and the risk of developing resistance to taxanes, currently the first-line chemotherapeutic agents for mCRPC.Development of new target-directed drugs to treat mCRPC poses significant challenges, given the recognition that monospecific inhibitors have limited efficacy. Hence, there is an urgent medical need to develop new strategies that block major oncogenic signaling pathways driving the most lethal forms of PCa. This is a preprint and not peer reviewed.

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Estimating prevalence of immunocompromising conditions in Canada in 2022 using an administrative hospital database reports: BackgroundImmunocompromising conditions (ICs) are conditions that may be present at different moments in a persons life and affect their health. In individuals with ICs, the bodys ability to effectively fight infections or mount a robust response to vaccination is weakened. It is thus important to understand the burden of ICs in part to inform public health policies on the procurement of vaccines for this population. This is a preprint and not peer reviewed.

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Robust Medical Crowdfunding Predictions: Leveraging Large Language Models and Machine Learning for Success Analysis reports: BackgroundIn the field of medical crowdfunding prediction, traditional statistical methods have long been the standard. Machine learning algorithms are popular because they can model complex relationships between variables, capture interactions, and provide more accurate predictions, even when input variables are highly correlated. Furthermore, previous research has largely overlooked the quantitative assessment of success levels and the selection of key predictors. This is a preprint and not peer reviewed.

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Attenuation of malignant phenotype of glioblastoma following a short course of the pro-oxidant combination of Resveratrol and Copper reports: BackgroundWe investigated a novel therapeutic approach to glioblastoma (GBM) that targets cell-free chromatin particles (cfChPs) that are released from dying GBM cells and aggravate the oncogenic phenotype of living GBM cells. cfChPs can be deactivated by oxygen radicals (OR) generated upon admixing the nutraceuticals Resveratrol (R) and Copper (Cu). Oral administration of R-Cu leads to generation of OR which are readily absorbed to deactivate cfChPs. This is a preprint and not peer reviewed.

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Performance of an artificial intelligence foundation model for prostate radiotherapy segmentation reports: ImportanceArtificial intelligence (AI) foundation models such as Segment Anything Model 2 (SAM 2) offer potential for semi-automated image segmentation with minimal fine-tuning, but their performance in specialized clinical tasks like radiation therapy planning are not well characterized. ObjectiveTo evaluate the performance of SAM 2 in segmenting pre-operative intact prostate and post-operative prostate fossa targets for prostate radiotherapy planning. Design, Setting, ParticipantsRetrospective cohort study deploying and testing a foundation model for AI segmentation for prostate radiotherapy planning. This is a preprint and not peer reviewed.

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Integrative Multi-omics of Gynecological Tumors Identifies Novel Singular Biomarkers of Disease Progression reports: Gynecological cancers represent a cluster of largely preventable and treatable diseases afflicting women, but with persistent substantial global burden of disease complicated by extant social factors especially in developing countries. Cervical, ovarian and endometrial cancers comprise the major gynecological cancers that might benefit from early-stage diagnosis and personalized treatment strategies. In this work, we performed integrative multi-omics analysis of public-domain omics datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas consortium and coupled it with custom protocols to identify consensus candidate biomarkers of each of the major gynecological cancers. This is a preprint and not peer reviewed.

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Discovering Signature Disease Trajectories in Pancreatic Cancer and Soft-tissue Sarcoma from Longitudinal Patient Records reports: Understanding the disease trajectories of specific diseases can provide important clinical insights. In this paper, we aimed to discover signature disease trajectories of 3 rare cancer types: pancreatic cancer, soft tissue sarcoma (STS) of the trunk and extremity (STS-TE), and STS of the abdomen and retroperitoneum (STS-AR), leveraging IQVIA Oncology Electronic Medical Record. We identified significant diagnosis pairs in patients with these cancers through matched cohort sampling, statistical computation, right-tailed binomial hypothesis test, and visualized trajectories up to 3 progressions. This is a preprint and not peer reviewed.

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Effects of Socioeconomic Status in Colorectal Cancer Incidence and Clinical Outcome Differences Among Asian American Populations: A Systematic Review reports: IntroductionColorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer death in the Asian American and Pacific Islander (API) population, a diverse and rapidly growing minority group in the US. Race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status (SES) are known to impact outcomes of CRC, but the relationship is unclear in the context of the Asian American cohort and its diverse subgroups. This systemic review aims to gain insight into the relationship between the incidence and clinical outcomes of CRC in the Asian American community. This is a preprint and not peer reviewed.

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Geographic and age-related variations in mutational processes in colorectal cancer reports: Colorectal cancer incidence rates vary geographically and have changed over time. Notably, in the past two decades, the incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer, affecting individuals under the age of 50 years, has doubled in many countries. The reasons for this increase are unknown. This is a preprint and not peer reviewed.

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Risk Stratification for Endometrial Cancer Reveals Independent Contributions of Polygenic Risk and Body Mass Index reports: BackgroundObesity is a major risk factor for endometrial cancer, but it is unknown whether it impacts the association between genetic risk and endometrial cancer. We incorporated polygenic risk score and epidemiological risk factors in the prediction of and investigated associations of BMI and polygenic risk score with endometrial cancer risk MethodsWe generated polygenic risk score for endometrial cancer in 129,829 unrelated female participants of European ancestry (including 956 incident cases with endometrial cancer) in the UK Biobank and predicted endometrial cancer using endometrial cancer polygenic risk score and established epidemiological risk factors, including BMI. We evaluated the performance of endometrial cancer prediction models by odds ratios and area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) to using logistic regression. This is a preprint and not peer reviewed.

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Causal associations between gut microbiota and cancers reports: BackgroundEmerging evidence suggests that the gut microbiota is associated with various cancer-related outcomes. Recent studies using Mendelian randomization (MR) have indicated a causal relationship between gut microbiota and several types of cancer. However, these conclusions remain controversial. This is a preprint and not peer reviewed.

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Investigating the relationship between breast cancer risk factors and an AI-generated mammographic texture feature in the Nurses' Health Study II reports: IntroductionThe mammogram risk score (MRS), an AI-driven texture feature derived from digital mammograms, strongly predicts breast cancer risk independently of breast density, though underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigated relationships between established breast cancer risk factors, covering anthropometrics, reproductive factors, family history, and mammographic density metrics, and MRS. MethodsUsing data from the Nurses Health Study II (292 cases, 561 controls), we validated MRSs association with breast cancer using logistic regression and evaluated its relationships with risk factors through: linear regressions of MRS on observed risk factors and polygenic scores associated with risk factors, and Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis via two-stage least squares regression. This is a preprint and not peer reviewed.

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Lipid peroxidation and colorectal cancer risk: a time-varying relationship reports: ImportanceWe recently observed an inverse and time-dependent association between systemic oxidative stress (OxS), measured by urinary biomarkers of nucleic acid oxidation, and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. Further investigations into other types of OxS markers are warranted. ObjectiveTo extend the investigation into systemic lipid peroxidation and CRC risk. This is a preprint and not peer reviewed.

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Tumors with mutations in chromatin regulators are associated with higher mutational burden and improved response to checkpoint immunotherapy reports: In recent years, it has been demonstrated that many of the pervasive genetic defects throughout cancerogenesis occur in genes encoding chromatin regulators (CRs). We analyzed the distribution and characteristics of well-studied CRs across tens of thousands of tumor samples. Our analysis revealed that tumors with mutations in CRs are associated with high tumor mutational burden (TMB). This is a preprint and not peer reviewed.

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Alterations in the hepatic microenvironment following direct-acting antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis C reports: Background and aims. The first direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) to treat the viral hepatitis C (HCV) became available in 2011. Despite numerous clinical studies of patient outcomes after treatment, few have evaluated changes in the liver microenvironment. This is a preprint and not peer reviewed.

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Cancer risks for MSH6 pathogenic variant carriers reports: IntroductionLynch syndrome (LS) is a hereditary cancer syndrome caused by (likely) pathogenic variants (LP/P) in DNA mismatch repair genes, including MSH6. It is associated with elevated lifetime risks for colorectal cancer (CRC), endometrial cancer (EC), and other malignancies. However, cancer risks specific to MSH6-associated LS, particularly for non-colorectal cancers, remain poorly defined. This is a preprint and not peer reviewed.

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SCellBOW: AI-Driven Tumor Risk Stratification from Single-Cell Transcriptomics Using Phenotype Algebra reports: Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) coupled with robust computational analysis facilitates the characterization of phenotypic heterogeneity within tumors. Current scRNA-seq analysis pipelines are capable of identifying a myriad of malignant and non-malignant cell subtypes from single-cell profiling of tumors. However, given the extent of intra-tumoral heterogeneity, it is challenging to assess the risk associated with individual cell subpopulations, primarily due to the complexity of the cancer phenotype space and the lack of clinical annotations associated with tumor scRNA-seq studies. This is a preprint and not peer reviewed.

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Automated segmentation of trunk musculature with a deep CNN trained from sparse annotations in radiation therapy patients with metastatic spine disease: an observational study. reports: Given the high prevalence of vertebral fractures following radiotherapy in patients with metastatic spine disease, torso muscle segmentation is necessary for biomechanical modeling of vertebral loading, permitting individualized evaluation of fracture risk. In this study, we developed and validated a deep-learning model for full volumetric segmentation of the thoracic and abdominal spinal musculature in cancer patients with metastatic spine disease from sparsely annotated clinical CT image data. We obtained CT data for 148 metastatic spine disease patients undergoing radiotherapy treatment, and an external set of randomly selected 30 subjects from the National Lung Screening Trial.

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Case Report: Primary cutaneous apocrine carcinoma mimicking breast carcinoma - a rare diagnostic challenge. reports: A 60-year-old male patient presented to a senological clinic with a left axillary tumor. The histomorphological characteristics were ambiguous, initially pointing to apocrine carcinoma of mammary origin. This suspicion led to a delay in establishing the correct diagnosis.

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Clinical practice guideline for female fertility preservation. reports: Female fertility preservation (FFP) has become a clinical priority because gonadotoxic therapies for cancer and benign diseases are increasingly common and may cause irreversible ovarian failure. The current clinical practice guideline provides evidence-based recommendations on fertility assessment, oocyte/embryo cryopreservation, and ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation for women at risk of iatrogenic infertility. This guideline was developed in accordance with the WHO Handbook for Guideline Development.

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Immune-modulatory biomimetic nanoparticles: Advances in design, mechanisms, and nanomedicine applications. reports: The development of biomimetic nanoparticles (NPs) represents an innovative approach to address the lacks of conventional drug delivery systems. This advancement demonstrates promising potential in immunotherapy. Biomimetic NPs imitate biological structures to improve the effectiveness of drug delivery and enhance interactions with cancer cells.

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Necrotizing soft tissue infection of the fingertips secondary to paronychia in a leukemic child: a case report and warning. reports: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common childhood malignancy, for which chemotherapy remains the cornerstone of treatment. Skin toxicity is a frequent adverse reaction to chemotherapy; however, progression from paronychia to necrotizing soft tissue infection of the fingertips is uncommon. This report describes the case of a 7-year-old child with ALL who developed paronychia following combination chemotherapy with vincristine and daunorubicin.

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Sex-specific differences in abscopal responses to combined radiotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibition-insights from a multicenter study. reports: Abscopal effects (AbE) during combined radiotherapy (RT) and immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) represent a potential mechanism for systemic tumor control, yet sex-specific differences in these responses remain largely unexplored. We investigated sex-associated signals in outcomes of combined RT-ICI in a multicenter cohort. We analyzed the incidence of AbE and survival outcomes with respect to clinical and biomedical markers.

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Unlocking economic gains: the impact of image-guided brachytherapy on cervical cancer treatment in Thailand. reports: This study aims to bridge the existing gap in knowledge by assessing the financial impact of image-guided brachytherapy (IGBT) in the management of cervical cancer in Thailand. A web-based questionnaire was developed in 2019 to collect data from 14 radiotherapy centers across all regions of Thailand. The survey gathered information on the use of brachytherapy for cervical cancer treatment, encompassing both conventional brachytherapy (point-based prescription) and IGBT (volume-based prescription).

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Unveiling the tumor microenvironment in colorectal cancer therapeutic resistance. reports: Therapeutic resistance remains a major barrier to effective treatment in colorectal cancer (CRC), where the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a pivotal role in modulating responses to chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapies. This review synthesizes current evidence on how cellular and non-cellular TME components contribute to resistance mechanisms in CRC. Key immune cells, including T cells, macrophages, neutrophils, natural killer cells, dendritic cells, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, orchestrate immunosuppressive networks that impair drug efficacy.

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