Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) research papers

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MR-guided stereotactic radiosurgery of an intracardiac tumoral thrombus using comprehensive motion management. reports: Lung cancer is often complicated by hypercoagulability, with intracardiac thrombi not an uncommon consequence. While radiotherapy can be a treatment option, effective intracardiac irradiation can be technically challenging. We present the case of a 54-year-old non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patient treated for a recurrent left atrial tumoral thrombus.

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A multicenter multimodel habitat radiomics model for predicting immunotherapy response in advanced NSCLC. reports: A robust predictive biomarker is critical for identifying patients with NSCLC who may benefit from immunotherapy. This study developed a CT-based habitat model using 590 advanced NSCLC cases. The model was constructed in contrast-enhanced CT images and validated on an independent cohort with non-contrast CT.

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Maimendong decoction suppresses non-small cell lung cancer growth by promoting dendritic cell maturation via the SIRT1/p65 acetylation pathway. reports: Maimendong Decoction (MMDD), a classical traditional Chinese medicine, has shown promising clinical efficacy against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), yet its immunological mechanisms remain unclear. Using a Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) mouse model, we found that MMDD markedly suppressed tumor growth, enhanced CD8 + T cell infiltration, and promoted dendritic cell (DC) maturation. Mechanistic analyses revealed that MMDD inhibited SIRT1 expression, increased p65 acetylation, and elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines, indicating the modulation of the SIRT1/acetyl-p65 pathway.

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Time to achieve response and depth of maximal tumor response as potential surrogates for overall survival in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. reports: Objective response rate (ORR) is a common early endpoint in NSCLC trials, but its ability to predict overall survival (OS) is limited, especially for immunotherapy and targeted treatments. Alternative metrics like time to and depth of response are under evaluation as surrogate endpoints. We analyzed pooled data from two randomized trials (OAK, POPLAR) comparing atezolizumab to docetaxel.

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Identification of candidate biomarker MRPL23 and its prognostic potential in non-small cell lung cancer with emphasis on the squamous cell carcinoma subtype. reports: Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounting for the majority of cases. Despite advances in therapy, survival remains poor due to late diagnosis and treatment resistance. Identification of reliable prognostic biomarkers is essential to improve risk stratification and clinical outcomes.

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Macrophage-Mediated Cellular Communication Networks in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Adenocarcinoma Revealed by Single-Cell Sequencing. reports: Lung cancer, particularly the non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) subtypes lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), exhibits high heterogeneity and high mortality. This study aimed to explore their tumor microenvironment (TME) features, cellular interactions, and potential therapeutic targets. Using scRNA-seq datasets (GSE200972, GSE117570, and GSE127465) and TCGA bulk RNA-seq data, we performed cell clustering, pseudotime trajectory, cell-cell communication, and survival analyses.

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Metabolic marker profiling of circulating tumour cells in NSCLC patients treated with osimertinib: focus on MCT1 and MCT4. reports: Monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) facilitate lactate transfer and support cancer cell survival and metastasis. MCT1 and MCT4 expression has been associated with poor prognosis and resistance to therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. This pilot study examined the relevance of MCT1 and MCT4 expression in circulating tumour cells (CTCs) isolated from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients during osimertinib treatment through single-cell analysis.

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National Patterns of Biomarker Testing in Colorectal, Lung, and Prostate Cancers: Insights From the NIH All of Us Research Program. reports: Biomarker testing is central to precision oncology, yet real-world implementation across cancer types and populations remains inconsistent. Social determinants of health (SDoH) may influence testing uptake and exacerbate disparities in access to targeted therapies. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using Version 7 of the NIH All of Us Research Program Curated Data Repository.

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Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio for prognostication in immune checkpoint inhibitor-treated cancer patients: a meta-analysis of 13027 patients highlighting nivolumab-responsive renal cell carcinoma. reports: To assess platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) prognostic utility for overall (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in immune checkpoint inhibitor-treated cancer patients, and examine impacts of geography, cancer type, cutoff, ICI class, treatment line and stage. A systematic literature search identified studies investigating PLR and prognosis in ICI treated patients. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using random-effects models.

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ROS1 -positive non-small cell lung cancer: from genomics to treatment decisions. reports: ROS1 rearrangements define a distinct, targetable subset of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), representing ~2% of non-squamous cases and frequently presenting with metastatic disease and CNS involvement. Multiple ROS1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs)-from crizotinib to newer agents such as entrectinib, lorlatinib, repotrectinib, taletrectinib, and the highly selective zidesamtinib-have improved systemic and intracranial outcomes, although resistance remains inevitable and biologically diverse, involving both on-target kinase mutations and off-target mechanisms. This review synthesizes current knowledge on ROS1 biology, diagnostic strategies, therapeutic options, and resistance mechanisms.

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Distinct tumor-immune ecologies in NSCLC patients predict progression and define a clinical biomarker of therapy response reports: We investigated multiplexed histological images from nine patients (both pre- and on-treatment) with immunotherapy-refractory Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) treated with an oral HDAC inhibitor (vorinostat) combined with a PD-1 inhibitor (pembrolizumab). Patient responses comprised of either stable disease (SD) or progressive disease (PD). We built an extensive multiplexed-image analysis pipeline involving both cell segmentation and quadrats, coupled with spatial statistics, machine learning, and deep learning to analyze the spatial and temporal features that predict disease progression and identify potential clinical biomarkers. This is a preprint and not peer reviewed.

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Distinct metastatic organotropism shapes prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma with brain metastasis reports: BackgroundMetastatic organotropism in lung cancer significantly influences prognosis, yet current treatment and clinical management guidelines are largely generalized for metastatic disease, regardless of organ site involvement. Notably, up to 30% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients present with brain metastases (BM) at diagnosis, underscoring the need for a more nuanced understanding of metastatic patterns. However, real-world clinical data on metastatic organotropism in well-characterized patient cohorts remain surprisingly scarce. This is a preprint and not peer reviewed.

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Integration of CA attention and KAN algorithm to predict EGFR mutation status in lung cancer reports: Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) mutations are critical biomarkers for targeted therapies in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, conventional diagnostic methods rely on invasive tissue biopsies, which are costly, time-consuming, and pose significant limitations. As an alternative, non-invasive approaches using lung CT imaging to predict EGFR mutation status have gained attention for their rapid and user-friendly nature. This is a preprint and not peer reviewed.

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DINASTY in NSCLC - a multicenter retrospective study on real-world data using federated analysis reports: Real-world data is an important complement to randomized controlled trials and can be used to assess whether study results translate well to routine clinical practice and to groups of patients that are often excluded from clinical trials. The aim of this disease natural history and care quality assessment (DINASTY) study is to describe treatments, outcomes and care quality for patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer using real-world data. The study is a retrospective observational multicenter study conducted within DIGICORE, a non-profit European Economic Interest Grouping, formed to facilitate real-world evidence studies. This is a preprint and not peer reviewed.

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