Melanoma research papers

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Health and productivity benefits of anti-PD-(L)1 agents for early-stage cancer treatment in Hungary. reports: Anti-PD-(L)1 agents, inhibitors of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) or its ligand (PD-L1), are established therapies that improve cancer management as well as the disease and societal burden of specific metastatic and early-stage cancers. The aim of the study was to determine the impact of adopting anti-PD-(L)1 agents for the treatment of all eligible patients with early-stage cancers versus reserving anti-PD-(L)1 agents for patients with metastatic disease alone in Hungary. This study evaluated two scenarios, one where anti-PD-(L)1 agents were used to treat all eligible early-stage disease case s (ESD scenario) of melanoma (stage IIB-C and III), renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) versus a reference scenario where anti-PD-(L)1 agents were only used to treat metastatic disease cases in Hungary (2024-2033).

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Insurance, race, and socioeconomic disparities in systemic therapy receipt for melanoma in the United States: a systematic review. reports: Although evidence suggests disparities in melanoma treatment, no comprehensive summary exists on whether insurance type, race/ethnicity, or socioeconomic status consistently influence systemic therapy receipt. Understanding these associations may inform strategies to reduce inequities. We conducted a systematic review of United States (US) based studies assessing systemic therapy receipt by insurance, socioeconomic status, and race/ethnicity.

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Gemini surfactant-stabilized cubosomes for enhanced topical delivery of 5-fluorouracil in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. reports: Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a prevalent non-melanoma skin cancer. Topical chemotherapy offers a non-invasive alternative to surgical treatments, yet the therapeutic efficacy of conventional agents like 5-fluorouracil is hindered by poor skin permeability and systemic side effects. In this study, we developed a gemini-surfactant-stabilized cubosomal gel (OF12-GEL) for enhanced topical delivery of 5-fluorouracil.

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Discrepancies between Fundus Photography and Multimodal Imaging in Mapping of Choroidal Tumor Borders. reports: Accurate choroidal tumor border mapping is required for their management. We compared border mapping accuracy between unimodal assessment (color fundus photography [CFP] or scanning laser ophthalmoscopy [SLO]) against a multimodal assessment (CFP, SLO, and OCT) and identified tumor characteristics that affect performance. A cross-sectional diagnostic accuracy study.

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Noninvasive skin imaging of melanocytic and nonmelanocytic tumours: recent findings. reports: Early diagnosis of skin cancer is essential for patient care. Noninvasive skin imaging devices have become increasingly used for the assessment of melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSC). This article reviews the scientific literature published from March 2024 up to October 2025 and highlights the latest findings.

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Dasatinib resensitizes BRAF/MEK inhibitor efficacy in patient-derived xenografts from patients with progression on BRAF/MEK inhibitor treatment. reports: Although BRAF/MEK inhibitor (BRAFi/MEKi) therapy initially shows high efficacy in patients with BRAF V600 E/K cutaneous melanoma, resistance develops in over 75% of cases. We tested robustness of the umbrella trial strategy in this population by analyzing relationships between genomic status of a gene and associated downstream consequences at the protein level. The results revealed weak relationships among mutations, copy-number amplification, and protein expression and activation.

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Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for the Treatment of Periorbital Non-Melanoma Skin Cancers. reports: Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) of the periocular region present significant clinical challenges, with basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) being the most prevalent. The purpose of this study is to report on the outcomes of anti-programmed death (PD-1)/PD-L1 immunotherapy in patients with locally advanced periorbital NMSCs. We conducted a retrospective study of the patients treated for locally advanced periocular BCC and cutaneous SCC using anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy from January 2016 to January 2023.

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Mucosal Melanoma of Head and Neck: A Rare and Aggressive Disease-A Register-Based Cohort Study. reports: Mucosal melanomas of the head and neck are rare and often diagnosed in the advanced stage. This study examines the incidence, survival and histology of mucosal melanoma compared to its cutaneous counterpart. This register-based cohort study reviews head and neck melanomas at Helsinki University Hospital, Finland, from 2002 to 2023.

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Not All That Produces Pigment Is Melanoma: Direct Epidermotropic Infiltration of Breast Carcinoma in a Woman With Melanin Incontinence Mimicking Pigmentary Disorders. reports: BackgroundLocal spread linked to breast carcinoma demonstrates a diverse spectrum of clinical presentations, including zosteriform, telangiectatic, and erysipeloid lesions. Pigmented epidermotropic infiltration resulting from breast carcinoma is seldom observed, occasionally posing diagnostic challenges owing to its resemblance to various other pigmentary disorders, such as malignant melanoma and other melanocytic lesions.Patient PresentationA 47-year-old woman presented with complaints of a hyperpigmented, crusted lesion involving the nipple-areolar region of the left breast, which on histopathology revealed an invasive tumor involving the dermis, composed of discohesive cells arranged in single files and linear cords, extending directly into the overlying epidermis in a pagetoid pattern with extensive pigment incontinence. On employing a comprehensive panel of special stains and immunohistochemical markers, the presence of classic Paget cells was ruled out, and a final diagnosis of direct epidermotropic infiltration by underlying invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) of the breast was found.ConclusionEpidermotropic spread of ILC with associated pigment incontinence is a rare histopathological pattern that can closely mimic both pigmented mammary Paget disease and melanocytic disorders.

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Clinical and Pathological Characteristics of Skin Cancer Patients at Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China. reports: The incidence of skin cancer is increasing in China, yet large-scale clinical and pathological data from China remain scarce. A retrospective analysis was conducted of 648 histopathologically confirmed skin cancer cases diagnosed at the Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University from January 2020 to July 2023. Patient demographics, tumour distribution, histological subtypes, and treatment approaches were evaluated.

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Prevalence of KDM6A deficiency in human cancer: A tissue microarray study on 18,570 cancers from 153 different tumor types. reports: KDM6A is a critical part of the COMPASS-like complex. KDM6A deficiency may result in EZH2 dependency. KDM6A deficiency was analyzed by immunohistochemistry on a tissue microarray containing 14,814 samples from 153 different tumor entities and 76 different normal tissue types.

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Transitory Schwann Cell Precursor and hybrid states underpin melanoma therapy resistance and metastasis reports: Melanoma plasticity, driven by phenotype state switching, underlies clinically relevant traits such as metastasis and therapy resistance. As melanoma progression is thought to recapitulate aspects of neural crest cell (NCC) development, understanding embryonic melanocyte specification and lineage fate decisions of closely related NCCs may illuminate the pathways co-opted during disease evolution. Here, we use a mouse model to isolate and sequence Dopachrome tautomerase (Dct) expressing NCCs, the precursors of melanocytes, at two key developmental stages. This is a preprint and not peer reviewed.

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A large-scale genome-wide association meta-analysis for nevus count provides direct insights into the genetics of melanoma reports: A greater understanding of the biology of nevi will provide insights into the etiology of melanoma. Our large-scale meta-analysis of 14 nevus genome-wide association study (GWAS) included 85,967 individuals of European ancestry. We identified 29 nevus-associated loci (p < 5x10-8), of which 24 were not previously reported in a GWAS conducted for nevus count alone. This is a preprint and not peer reviewed.

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Expression patterns of fibroblast activation protein and extra-domain B fibronectin in canine malignant tumors. reports: Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is involved in the extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and wound healing. Absent in most adult tissues, it is overexpressed by neoplastic cells and/or cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in several human malignancies. The extra Domain-B of fibronectin (EDB+FN) is a splice variant of fibronectin involved in angiogenesis and tissue remodeling, overexpressed by CAFs and cancer-associated vessels (CAVs) in many aggressive human tumors.

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