Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) research papers

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Tumor-associated neutrophils in renal cell carcinoma. reports: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is an immunogenic tumor in which tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) represent a functionally important component of the tumor microenvironment. Recent studies have revealed pronounced phenotypic heterogeneity of RCC-infiltrating neutrophils, including interferon-responsive, immunosuppressive PMN-MDSC-like, pro-angiogenic, and NET-forming subsets that cannot be adequately described by the classical N1/N2 model. Their polarization is shaped by ELR + CXC chemokines (CXCL1, CXCL8), cytokine signals, systemic inflammation, hypoxia driven by VHL/HIF pathways, and tumor-intrinsic oncogenic alterations such as PTEN loss, ERβ- and c-Myc-dependent programs, as well as epigenetic remodeling.

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Cancer and Post-therapy Cardiotoxicity Risk in Adolescents, Young Adults, and Adults with Down Syndrome reports: The median life expectancy of people with Down syndrome has increased substantially over the past several decades, from 4 years in 1970 to 53 years in 2010. Despite the recent improvement in survival, there is little data about the prevalence of age-related diseases, including age-related malignancies, and the impact of standard cancer treatments on cardiovascular health. We retrospectively reviewed medical records for age- and sex-matched patients [≥]15 years old with and without Down syndrome using the TriNetX platform to identify the prevalence of malignancies and explore cardiovascular outcomes after treatment with anthracyclines. This is a preprint and not peer reviewed.

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Self-Supervised Learning Can Distinguish Myelodysplastic Neoplasms from Clinical Mimics Using Bone Marrow Biopsies reports: The diagnosis of myelodysplastic neoplasms (MDS) requires examination of the bone marrow for morphologic evidence of dysplasia. We sought to determine if a self-supervised learning (SSL) AI image analysis approach may be utilized to reliably distinguish MDS from its clinically relevant mimics using bone marrow biopsies (BMBx). Whole slide images (WSIs) of H&E- and reticulin-stained BMBx sections from 243 unique patients (89 MDS, 55 non-MDS cytopenic controls [NMCC], and 99 negative control [NC] cases) were segmented into tiles and analyzed. This is a preprint and not peer reviewed.

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