Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) research papers

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Co-administered internalizing RGD peptide boosts anti-PD-L1 therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma. reports: Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has significantly improved the treatment of solid tumors such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, most patients fail to respond. Here, we examined whether co-administration of the tumor-penetrating internalizing (i)RGD peptide, which selectively increases tumor vascular permeability in a neuropilin-1-dependent manner, enhances intratumoral delivery and therapeutic efficacy of αPD-L1 in mouse models of HCC. αPD-L1, with or without iRGD, was administered intravenously to mice bearing endogenous HCCs (TGFα/c-myc and diethylnitrosamine [DEN]/carbon tetrachloride [CCl 4 ] models).

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Proteomic profiling identifies prognostic signature for Krukenberg tumor of gastrointestinal origin. reports: Krukenberg tumor (KT) primarily originates from the stomach and colorectum, but reliable biomarkers for distinguishing KT from other tumors at the same sites and predicting ovarian metastasis remain lacking. Using pressure cycling technology (PCT) and data-independent acquisition (DIA) mass spectrometry, we analyzed 263 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples, identifying 10,837 proteins. The results revealed distinct proteomic signatures from the primary gastrointestinal lesions of KT.

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Structure-Based Design and Free Energy Perturbation-Guided Synthesis of Novel VEGFR2 and HDAC Dual Inhibitors with Potent Antitumor Efficacy. reports: The development of dual-targeted inhibitors represents a promising strategy to address the challenges of drug resistance and limited efficacy in cancer therapy. This study describes the design, synthesis, and evaluation of novel inhibitors targeting VEGFR2 and HDAC through a structure-based pharmacophore-merging strategy. We integrated the hydroxamic acid zinc-binding group and the linker into the back pocket of VEGFR2.

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Cheilanthenetetraol, a sesterterpenoid isolated from Aleuritopteris bicolor with anti-hepatocellular carcinoma and anti-inflammatory activity. reports: The 1 H-NMR, LC-MS, and HPLC guided isolation of n-hexane and ethyl acetate fractions led to the purification of one new sesterterpene cheilanthenetetraol (1) together with thirteen known compounds (2-14) for the first time from Aleuritopteris bicolor Roxb. The structure of the isolated compounds were established by extensive analysis of spectroscopic data, 1D and 2D NMR, HR-ESI-MS, and IR. The isolated compounds (2, 3, 6, and 9-14), as well as the n-hexane, ethyl acetate fractions, and aqueous methanol extract, were evaluated for cytotoxic activity against the HepG2 cancer cell line.

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Machine learning-based cfDNA fragmentation profiling using automated capillary electrophoresis for early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma. reports: Early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a significant clinical challenge due to the limited sensitivity of current surveillance tools, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and ultrasound. Recently, cell-free DNA (cfDNA) fragmentation analysis has shown promise in cancer detection; however, current sequencing-based approaches remain costly and unsuitable for large-scale screening. Here, we introduce a predictive model for early HCC detection called "CEliver" (CfDNA-based automated capillary Electrophoresis method for Liver cancer screening), a model leveraging high-dimensional fragmentation profiling from the intensity distribution of cfDNA fragment lengths using automated capillary electrophoresis.

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Metastatic breast cancer presenting with dyspeptic symptoms: a case report. reports: Breast cancer is among the most commonly diagnosed malignancies worldwide. While distant metastases typically involve the bone, lung, liver, and brain, metastasis to the gastrointestinal tract is uncommon and occurs disproportionately in invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC). The clinical presentation is often nonspecific, which can delay diagnosis.

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Prevalence of KDM6A deficiency in human cancer: A tissue microarray study on 18,570 cancers from 153 different tumor types. reports: KDM6A is a critical part of the COMPASS-like complex. KDM6A deficiency may result in EZH2 dependency. KDM6A deficiency was analyzed by immunohistochemistry on a tissue microarray containing 14,814 samples from 153 different tumor entities and 76 different normal tissue types.

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TACE and tyrosine kinase inhibitors with or without PD-1 inhibitors as first-line therapy for intermediate-advanced HCC: a multicenter real-world cohort study. reports: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of combining transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), with or without programmed death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors (ICI), as first-line therapy for intermediate-advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a real-world setting. This multicentre retrospective cohort study enrolled patients with intermediate-advanced HCC who received either TACE combined with TKIs and PD-1 inhibitors (TACE-TKI-ICI) or TACE plus TKIs (TACE-TKI) from January 2019 to December 2023. The outcomes included progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR), and safety.

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Cerebrovascular Malformations Associated With Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia and HHT-Like Syndromes: A Comparative Overview. reports: Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is an autosomal dominant vascular disorder marked by mucocutaneous telangiectasias, recurrent epistaxis, and visceral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Neurologic risks include brain AVMs and hemorrhagic stroke. Several rare genetic and sporadic syndromes ("HHT-like" syndromes) share overlapping vascular features, complicating diagnosis.

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Durable Disease Control With Atezolizumab Plus Bevacizumab but Limited Post-Progression Outcomes: A Multicenter Real-World Study in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma. reports: Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (Atez/Bev) has become the standard first-line therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but optimal second-line strategies remain unclear. This multicenter retrospective study compared survival outcomes and tumor control among first-line regimens and evaluated post-progression efficacy. We retrospectively analyzed 1542 patients with advanced HCC who received sorafenib (SOR), lenvatinib (LEN), or Atez/Bev between 2009 and 2022.

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Metastatic high-grade undifferentiated ovarian carcinoma: A case report from Sub-Saharan Africa. reports: Undifferentiated ovarian carcinoma (UDOC) is an exceptionally rare and highly aggressive subtype of epithelial ovarian cancer, accounting for less than 1% of cases and infrequently reported in the literature, particularly in resource-limited settings. To our knowledge, this represents the first reported case of metastatic UDOC from Sub-Saharan Africa. We report a case of high-grade UDOC in a 63-year-old postmenopausal woman presenting to a tertiary referral center in Northern Tanzania with a one-year history of progressive abdominal pain, distension, early satiety, and weight loss.

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Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with immunotherapy and anti-angiogenic agents in intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (CHANCE2202): a target trial emulation study. reports: This study aimed to assess the clinical outcomes of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) plus vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors or tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) (combination therapy) versus TACE monotherapy as a first-line treatment for intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This nationwide, retrospective cohort study employed a target trial emulation framework with a cloning-censoring-weighting approach. Patients with intermediate-stage HCC receiving either combination therapy or TACE monotherapy between January 2018 and December 2022 in China were included.

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Paraneoplastic Pemphigus and Liver Biopsy Needle Track Dissemination in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Case Report. reports: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common and aggressive liver cancer, typically arising in cirrhotic livers but can also occur in the absence of cirrhosis. Paraneoplastic pemphigus (PNP) is a rare autoimmune blistering disorder mostly linked to hematologic malignancies; its association with HCC is extremely uncommon and poses significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges, particularly due to the need for immunosuppression in PNP management, which may limit systemic cancer therapies. We report an 80-year-old male with no prior liver disease presenting with painful oral erosions, weight loss, and hepatomegaly.

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A Mandibular Metastasis as the Initial Presentation of Hepatoid Adenocarcinoma of the Lung: A Case Report. reports: Hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the lung is a rare primary pulmonary malignancy that exhibits morphological traits resembling those seen in hepatocellular carcinoma and is associated with high alpha-fetoprotein expression. It follows a very aggressive course and is often diagnosed in advanced oncologic stages. We present our experience with this malignancy and report on a case with mandibular metastasis, an uncommon metastatic site.

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Case Report: Percutaneous portal-central venous bypass: a novel salvage therapy for refractory variceal bleeding in TIPS-ineligible patients with portal vein tumor thrombus. reports: Acute esophagogastric variceal bleeding (EGVB) is a lethal complication in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) complicated by portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT). While transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is a standard treatment for portal hypertension, it is often contraindicated or technically challenging in patients with extensive main portal vein occlusion (Vp4 type) or severe hepatic dysfunction. We report the first clinical application of a novel salvage technique, percutaneous portal-central venous bypass (PPCV), in a 56-year-old man with HCC, decompensated cirrhosis, and extensive PVTT.

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Clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients infected with Shewanella species at a tertiary hospital in Hefei City, China: a retrospective analysis. reports: Shewanella species ( Shewanella spp.) were emerging and rare pathogens. Very few studies had focused on Shewanella spp. infection due to its low incidence.

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Gastrointestinal adverse events following brentuximab vedotin and polatuzumab vedotin therapy. reports: Brentuximab vedotin (BV) and polatuzumab vedotin (PV), CD30-specific and CD79b-specific monoclonal antibody conjugates, respectively, are used in the treatment of hematologic cancers. Both have been observed to cause gastrointestinal adverse events (GI AEs). We aimed to assess the clinical characteristics, disease course, treatment, and outcomes of patients who developed GI AEs following treatment with BV or PV.

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Gut microbial signatures of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma and their potential diagnostic value. reports: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a prevalent and lethal malignancy worldwide. Gut microbiota play crucial roles in liver disease progression and may offer noninvasive diagnostic value, yet microbial signatures specific to advanced HCC remain unclear. Seventy-six participants, including early-stage HCC (HCC12), advanced HCC (HCC34), liver cirrhosis (LC), and healthy controls (CG), were prospectively enrolled.

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Improving the Accuracy of Endoscopic Measurements of the Size of Gastrointestinal Lesions by a Guidewire Scale. reports: Using an endoscope to accurately measure the size of a lesion is crucial for assessing the healing process and determining the treatment strategies for the stage of the cancer. Visual estimation of the lesion size is commonly used, but this is often inaccurate. To address this issue, a guidewire scale was developed to measure lesion size and improve accuracy at a practical level.

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Neoplasia outcomes following colonoscopy for Lynch syndrome at a dedicated center vs. community centers. reports: The European Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy recommends Lynch syndrome patients be followed in centers that monitor compliance and measure endoscopic performance. It is unclear if this policy impacts neoplasia outcomes. We investigated whether neoplasia outcomes were better at a dedicated center vs.

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Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio for prognostication in immune checkpoint inhibitor-treated cancer patients: a meta-analysis of 13027 patients highlighting nivolumab-responsive renal cell carcinoma. reports: To assess platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) prognostic utility for overall (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in immune checkpoint inhibitor-treated cancer patients, and examine impacts of geography, cancer type, cutoff, ICI class, treatment line and stage. A systematic literature search identified studies investigating PLR and prognosis in ICI treated patients. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using random-effects models.

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Procalcitonin as a potential tumor marker for fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma: Insights from three patients and a literature review. reports: Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma (fHCC) was diagnosed through magnetic resonance imaging in three young patients (with biopsies confirming the diagnosis in two of them prior to referral) aged 17, 22, and 24&#x202f;years. All had normal or near-normal standard biochemistry results, except for increased levels of procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in the absence of any infectious source: PCT: 41, 5.8, and 1.2&#x202f;ng/mL, respectively (normal range&#x202f;<&#x202f;0.05&#x202f;ng/mL) and CRP: 127, 21, and 14&#x202f;mg/L, respectively (normal range: 0-5&#x202f;mg/L). Right hepatectomy with negative surgical margins resulted in the eventual normalization of CRP levels in all patients, and PCT levels normalized in the latter two patients.

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Rates of colorectal surgery in patients with non-malignant colorectal polyps: Results from a nationwide study. reports: Despite advances in endoscopic techniques, many colorectal surgeries in the United States are still performed for non-malignant colorectal polyps (NMCRPs). This study evaluated trends, demographic variations, and outcomes of surgeries for NMCRPs among all colorectal surgeries over the past decade. Using the TriNetX nationwide database, we identified adults (&#x2265; 18 years of age) who underwent colectomy or proctectomy for NMCRPs or colorectal cancer between 2013 and 2023.

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Resection combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in the treatment of spontaneously ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma: a multicenter retrospective study. reports: Spontaneous tumor rupture is a unique and life-threatening presentation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The optimal postoperative management of patients with spontaneously ruptured HCC (srHCC) remains controversial. Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) has been proposed to reduce peritoneal dissemination, but its clinical benefit in srHCC is uncertain.

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Safety and efficacy of fully-covered self-expandable metal stent placement for refractory stomal stenosis. reports: Stomas, critical in managing various gastrointestinal conditions, can lead to complications like stomal stenosis, affecting 2% to 15% of patients and causing significant morbidity. Traditional treatments such as balloon dilation and surgical revisions often fail to provide lasting relief. This study investigated a novel, minimally invasive approach using fully-covered self-expanding metal stents (FCSEMSs) to address refractory stomal stenosis effectively.

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Single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomic analysis reveal a distinct population of G6PD + cells with aberrant bile acid metabolism in hepatocellular carcinoma. reports: Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Among various metabolic pathways, bile acids act not only as crucial metabolites but also as key signaling molecules that regulate diverse physiological and pathological processes in the liver. However, the biological functions and clinical implications of bile acid metabolism in HCC progression remain largely unclear.

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Spontaneous rupture of hepatic metastasis as the initial presentation of gastric hepatoid adenocarcinoma: a rare case report and literature review. reports: Hepatoid adenocarcinoma (HAC) is an extremely rare and highly malignant tumor with histological features resembling hepatocellular carcinoma but originating from extrahepatic organs, most commonly in the stomach, known as gastric hepatoid adenocarcinoma (GHA). Spontaneous rupture of hepatic metastasis as the initial presentation of GHA is even rarer, posing significant challenges for clinical diagnosis and management. We present a case of a 74-year-old male admitted to the hospital for right upper abdomen pain.

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Successful occlusion of a bronchobiliary fistula using percutaneous microwave ablation: a case report. reports: Bronchobiliary fistula (BBF) is an exceptionally rare and complex clinical entity that involves abnormal communication between the biliary system and the bronchial tree. This article presents the first reported case of BBF successfully occluded with percutaneous microwave ablation (PMWA). A 35-years-old female with primary colon cancer developed BBF after PMWA for liver metastasis and presented with bilioptysis that persisted despite conventional antibiotic therapy and drainage.

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Utility of a novel sheath designed for mapping biopsy for preoperative malignant hilar biliary obstruction. reports: Mapping biopsy (MB) aids in diagnosing superficial mucosal spread of biliary tract cancer. However, conventional MB is technically challenging, which can reduce the diagnostic yield. This study aimed to assess the usefulness of MB using the newly developed Endosheather (ES) (Piolax, Tokyo, Japan).

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Nutritional status and dietary needs of patients before the initiation of treatment for gastrointestinal cancers. reports: <b>Introduction:</b> Gastrointestinal cancers are among the most commonly diagnosed malignancies and are associated with poor prognosis. An accurate assessment of nutritional status prior to the initiation of cancer treatment significantly influences both treatment effectiveness and patient tolerance.<b>Aim:</b> To evaluate the nutritional status and dietary needs of patients with gastrointestinal cancers before the start of oncological therapy.<b>Material and methods:</b> A retrospective analysis was conducted on data from 361 patients diagnosed with gastric, pancreatic, or colorectal cancer, who received dietary consultations prior to the initiation of cancer therapy in outpatient clinics in the Lesser Poland (2022-2024). The evaluation included body mass index (BMI), the Nutritional Risk Screening scale (NRS 2002), selectively available biochemical parameters, and the dietary interventions recommended.<b>Results:</b> A high risk of malnutrition (NRS &#x2265; 3) was identified in 62% of patients, most commonly among those with pancreatic cancer (77%) and gastric cancer (72%).

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Sex differences in bile acid homeostasis and excretion underlie the disparity in liver cancer incidence between males and females. reports: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common liver cancer, exhibits a higher incidence in males. Here, we report that mice lacking the bile acid regulators, Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) and Small Heterodimer Partner (SHP), recapitulate the sex difference in liver cancer risk. Since few therapeutic options are available, we focused on understanding the intrinsic protection afforded to female livers. This is a preprint and not peer reviewed.

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24-hour Physical Activity, Sedentary, and Sleep Profiles in Individuals with Cancer: A UK Biobank Cohort Study reports: BackgroundThe 24h behaviour profile, including physical activity, sedentary time, and sleep, is disrupted following a cancer diagnosis and contributes to cancer-related outcomes. This study describes the 24h behaviour profiles of individuals with and without cancer. MethodsSeven days of accelerometer data from the UK Biobank (M{+/-}SDage = 62.3 {+/-} 7.8y; 56.4% female) were derived by machine learning models to assess the 24h behaviour profile in individuals with cancer (n = 10 152; M{+/-}SDyears since diagnosis = 7.4 {+/-} 6.1y) compared to individuals without cancer at their accelerometry measurement (including individuals with other conditions [n = 66 403], and healthy [n = 14 726]). This is a preprint and not peer reviewed.

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Alterations in the hepatic microenvironment following direct-acting antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis C reports: Background and aims. The first direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) to treat the viral hepatitis C (HCV) became available in 2011. Despite numerous clinical studies of patient outcomes after treatment, few have evaluated changes in the liver microenvironment. This is a preprint and not peer reviewed.

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Cancer risks for MSH6 pathogenic variant carriers reports: IntroductionLynch syndrome (LS) is a hereditary cancer syndrome caused by (likely) pathogenic variants (LP/P) in DNA mismatch repair genes, including MSH6. It is associated with elevated lifetime risks for colorectal cancer (CRC), endometrial cancer (EC), and other malignancies. However, cancer risks specific to MSH6-associated LS, particularly for non-colorectal cancers, remain poorly defined. This is a preprint and not peer reviewed.

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Effects of contrast medium injection pressure on angiographic image quality. reports: To evaluate if higher contrast medium injection pressure can improve image quality of digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in liver-directed interventions. Prospective single-center study including twelve patients with hepatocellular carcinoma ( n &#x2009;=&#x2009;11) or liver metastases ( n &#x2009;=&#x2009;1) undergoing intra-arterial therapies to systematically compare DSA image quality (primary endpoint) and radiation exposure (secondary endpoint) using two microcatheters with maximum application pressures 750 ("C750") and 1,200 PSI ("C1200"). Patients underwent two DSAs with both microcatheters placed in the common hepatic artery.

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