Cancer research papers

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Proteomic profiling identifies prognostic signature for Krukenberg tumor of gastrointestinal origin. reports: Krukenberg tumor (KT) primarily originates from the stomach and colorectum, but reliable biomarkers for distinguishing KT from other tumors at the same sites and predicting ovarian metastasis remain lacking. Using pressure cycling technology (PCT) and data-independent acquisition (DIA) mass spectrometry, we analyzed 263 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples, identifying 10,837 proteins. The results revealed distinct proteomic signatures from the primary gastrointestinal lesions of KT.

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Evaluating the Cost of Genomic Testing for Biomarker-Driven Therapies in Oncology. reports: Genomic profiling is used in the diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of malignancies. Comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) is a next-generation sequencing (NGS) approach that can test multiple genes simultaneously, potentially saving time, money, and sample material. Costs associated with genomic profiling could be a prohibitive barrier to the widespread implementation of genomic testing in routine clinical practice.

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Machine learning-based cfDNA fragmentation profiling using automated capillary electrophoresis for early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma. reports: Early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a significant clinical challenge due to the limited sensitivity of current surveillance tools, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and ultrasound. Recently, cell-free DNA (cfDNA) fragmentation analysis has shown promise in cancer detection; however, current sequencing-based approaches remain costly and unsuitable for large-scale screening. Here, we introduce a predictive model for early HCC detection called "CEliver" (CfDNA-based automated capillary Electrophoresis method for Liver cancer screening), a model leveraging high-dimensional fragmentation profiling from the intensity distribution of cfDNA fragment lengths using automated capillary electrophoresis.

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Metastatic breast cancer presenting with dyspeptic symptoms: a case report. reports: Breast cancer is among the most commonly diagnosed malignancies worldwide. While distant metastases typically involve the bone, lung, liver, and brain, metastasis to the gastrointestinal tract is uncommon and occurs disproportionately in invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC). The clinical presentation is often nonspecific, which can delay diagnosis.

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Cerebrovascular Malformations Associated With Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia and HHT-Like Syndromes: A Comparative Overview. reports: Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is an autosomal dominant vascular disorder marked by mucocutaneous telangiectasias, recurrent epistaxis, and visceral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Neurologic risks include brain AVMs and hemorrhagic stroke. Several rare genetic and sporadic syndromes ("HHT-like" syndromes) share overlapping vascular features, complicating diagnosis.

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Metastatic high-grade undifferentiated ovarian carcinoma: A case report from Sub-Saharan Africa. reports: Undifferentiated ovarian carcinoma (UDOC) is an exceptionally rare and highly aggressive subtype of epithelial ovarian cancer, accounting for less than 1% of cases and infrequently reported in the literature, particularly in resource-limited settings. To our knowledge, this represents the first reported case of metastatic UDOC from Sub-Saharan Africa. We report a case of high-grade UDOC in a 63-year-old postmenopausal woman presenting to a tertiary referral center in Northern Tanzania with a one-year history of progressive abdominal pain, distension, early satiety, and weight loss.

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Paraneoplastic Pemphigus and Liver Biopsy Needle Track Dissemination in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Case Report. reports: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common and aggressive liver cancer, typically arising in cirrhotic livers but can also occur in the absence of cirrhosis. Paraneoplastic pemphigus (PNP) is a rare autoimmune blistering disorder mostly linked to hematologic malignancies; its association with HCC is extremely uncommon and poses significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges, particularly due to the need for immunosuppression in PNP management, which may limit systemic cancer therapies. We report an 80-year-old male with no prior liver disease presenting with painful oral erosions, weight loss, and hepatomegaly.

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Clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients infected with Shewanella species at a tertiary hospital in Hefei City, China: a retrospective analysis. reports: Shewanella species ( Shewanella spp.) were emerging and rare pathogens. Very few studies had focused on Shewanella spp. infection due to its low incidence.

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Gastrointestinal adverse events following brentuximab vedotin and polatuzumab vedotin therapy. reports: Brentuximab vedotin (BV) and polatuzumab vedotin (PV), CD30-specific and CD79b-specific monoclonal antibody conjugates, respectively, are used in the treatment of hematologic cancers. Both have been observed to cause gastrointestinal adverse events (GI AEs). We aimed to assess the clinical characteristics, disease course, treatment, and outcomes of patients who developed GI AEs following treatment with BV or PV.

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Improving the Accuracy of Endoscopic Measurements of the Size of Gastrointestinal Lesions by a Guidewire Scale. reports: Using an endoscope to accurately measure the size of a lesion is crucial for assessing the healing process and determining the treatment strategies for the stage of the cancer. Visual estimation of the lesion size is commonly used, but this is often inaccurate. To address this issue, a guidewire scale was developed to measure lesion size and improve accuracy at a practical level.

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Neoplasia outcomes following colonoscopy for Lynch syndrome at a dedicated center vs. community centers. reports: The European Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy recommends Lynch syndrome patients be followed in centers that monitor compliance and measure endoscopic performance. It is unclear if this policy impacts neoplasia outcomes. We investigated whether neoplasia outcomes were better at a dedicated center vs.

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Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio for prognostication in immune checkpoint inhibitor-treated cancer patients: a meta-analysis of 13027 patients highlighting nivolumab-responsive renal cell carcinoma. reports: To assess platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) prognostic utility for overall (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in immune checkpoint inhibitor-treated cancer patients, and examine impacts of geography, cancer type, cutoff, ICI class, treatment line and stage. A systematic literature search identified studies investigating PLR and prognosis in ICI treated patients. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using random-effects models.

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Rates of colorectal surgery in patients with non-malignant colorectal polyps: Results from a nationwide study. reports: Despite advances in endoscopic techniques, many colorectal surgeries in the United States are still performed for non-malignant colorectal polyps (NMCRPs). This study evaluated trends, demographic variations, and outcomes of surgeries for NMCRPs among all colorectal surgeries over the past decade. Using the TriNetX nationwide database, we identified adults (≥ 18 years of age) who underwent colectomy or proctectomy for NMCRPs or colorectal cancer between 2013 and 2023.

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Resection combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in the treatment of spontaneously ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma: a multicenter retrospective study. reports: Spontaneous tumor rupture is a unique and life-threatening presentation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The optimal postoperative management of patients with spontaneously ruptured HCC (srHCC) remains controversial. Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) has been proposed to reduce peritoneal dissemination, but its clinical benefit in srHCC is uncertain.

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Safety and efficacy of fully-covered self-expandable metal stent placement for refractory stomal stenosis. reports: Stomas, critical in managing various gastrointestinal conditions, can lead to complications like stomal stenosis, affecting 2% to 15% of patients and causing significant morbidity. Traditional treatments such as balloon dilation and surgical revisions often fail to provide lasting relief. This study investigated a novel, minimally invasive approach using fully-covered self-expanding metal stents (FCSEMSs) to address refractory stomal stenosis effectively.

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Successful occlusion of a bronchobiliary fistula using percutaneous microwave ablation: a case report. reports: Bronchobiliary fistula (BBF) is an exceptionally rare and complex clinical entity that involves abnormal communication between the biliary system and the bronchial tree. This article presents the first reported case of BBF successfully occluded with percutaneous microwave ablation (PMWA). A 35-years-old female with primary colon cancer developed BBF after PMWA for liver metastasis and presented with bilioptysis that persisted despite conventional antibiotic therapy and drainage.

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Utility of a novel sheath designed for mapping biopsy for preoperative malignant hilar biliary obstruction. reports: Mapping biopsy (MB) aids in diagnosing superficial mucosal spread of biliary tract cancer. However, conventional MB is technically challenging, which can reduce the diagnostic yield. This study aimed to assess the usefulness of MB using the newly developed Endosheather (ES) (Piolax, Tokyo, Japan).

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Nutritional status and dietary needs of patients before the initiation of treatment for gastrointestinal cancers. reports: <b>Introduction:</b> Gastrointestinal cancers are among the most commonly diagnosed malignancies and are associated with poor prognosis. An accurate assessment of nutritional status prior to the initiation of cancer treatment significantly influences both treatment effectiveness and patient tolerance.<b>Aim:</b> To evaluate the nutritional status and dietary needs of patients with gastrointestinal cancers before the start of oncological therapy.<b>Material and methods:</b> A retrospective analysis was conducted on data from 361 patients diagnosed with gastric, pancreatic, or colorectal cancer, who received dietary consultations prior to the initiation of cancer therapy in outpatient clinics in the Lesser Poland (2022-2024). The evaluation included body mass index (BMI), the Nutritional Risk Screening scale (NRS 2002), selectively available biochemical parameters, and the dietary interventions recommended.<b>Results:</b> A high risk of malnutrition (NRS &#x2265; 3) was identified in 62% of patients, most commonly among those with pancreatic cancer (77%) and gastric cancer (72%).

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Sex differences in bile acid homeostasis and excretion underlie the disparity in liver cancer incidence between males and females. reports: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common liver cancer, exhibits a higher incidence in males. Here, we report that mice lacking the bile acid regulators, Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) and Small Heterodimer Partner (SHP), recapitulate the sex difference in liver cancer risk. Since few therapeutic options are available, we focused on understanding the intrinsic protection afforded to female livers. This is a preprint and not peer reviewed.

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24-hour Physical Activity, Sedentary, and Sleep Profiles in Individuals with Cancer: A UK Biobank Cohort Study reports: BackgroundThe 24h behaviour profile, including physical activity, sedentary time, and sleep, is disrupted following a cancer diagnosis and contributes to cancer-related outcomes. This study describes the 24h behaviour profiles of individuals with and without cancer. MethodsSeven days of accelerometer data from the UK Biobank (M{+/-}SDage = 62.3 {+/-} 7.8y; 56.4% female) were derived by machine learning models to assess the 24h behaviour profile in individuals with cancer (n = 10 152; M{+/-}SDyears since diagnosis = 7.4 {+/-} 6.1y) compared to individuals without cancer at their accelerometry measurement (including individuals with other conditions [n = 66 403], and healthy [n = 14 726]). This is a preprint and not peer reviewed.

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Cancer risks for MSH6 pathogenic variant carriers reports: IntroductionLynch syndrome (LS) is a hereditary cancer syndrome caused by (likely) pathogenic variants (LP/P) in DNA mismatch repair genes, including MSH6. It is associated with elevated lifetime risks for colorectal cancer (CRC), endometrial cancer (EC), and other malignancies. However, cancer risks specific to MSH6-associated LS, particularly for non-colorectal cancers, remain poorly defined. This is a preprint and not peer reviewed.

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Effects of contrast medium injection pressure on angiographic image quality. reports: To evaluate if higher contrast medium injection pressure can improve image quality of digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in liver-directed interventions. Prospective single-center study including twelve patients with hepatocellular carcinoma ( n &#x2009;=&#x2009;11) or liver metastases ( n &#x2009;=&#x2009;1) undergoing intra-arterial therapies to systematically compare DSA image quality (primary endpoint) and radiation exposure (secondary endpoint) using two microcatheters with maximum application pressures 750 ("C750") and 1,200 PSI ("C1200"). Patients underwent two DSAs with both microcatheters placed in the common hepatic artery.

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